424 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



moisten a little. In tying start below the bud and wrap continuously 

 from the bottom to the top, only leaving the bud uncovered. Tie 

 very tightly and securely, so that there will be no danger of any part 

 of the bud not being in contact with the stock. To be successful the 

 stock and buds should be healthy, and the inner barks of both stock 

 and scion should be together and firmly held in place. 



In about two weeks the work should be examined to see if the 

 strings are too tight, and if so they should be loosened. When the- 

 buds are firmly attached the strings may be cut off entirely. This is 

 done by cutting the tying materials on the side of the stock opposite 

 to the bud. 



No buds put in as just described should start until the following 

 spring. In the late autumn earth should be put up against the buds 

 to help protect them during the winter. 



In the spring the stock is cut back to a point about six inches 

 above the bud. This stub is. left to protect the bud and to prevent the 

 bud from being "drowned" with too much sap at first. Later the 

 shoots that start from the stub are cut back. The shoot from the 

 bud may be tied to this stub for a time to keep it from being broken 

 by the wind. The following spring the stub should be cut off close 

 to the young shoot. 



Mr. J. S. Parks : Do you cut off the bud and take out all the 

 wood? 



Mr. Mackintosh : We do notVhink a little wood does any harm, 

 and it takes quite a little time to take it out. 



Mr. Taylor : I would like to ask whether that work can be done 

 in the spring? I have been budding in the spring and getting two 

 or three inches of growth the same season. 



Mr. Mackintosh : It can be done the way Mr. Wilfert does it. 

 If you have dormant buds it can be done in the early spring. 



Mr. Taylor : I have taken buds that had started a growth and 

 made one leaf, and yet they grew right along. 



Mr. Elliot : Tell us why you cut the stock off four inches above 

 the bud ? 



Mr. Mackintosh : If you cut it way back to the bud it would re- 

 ceive too much nourishment at once. It would be apt to drown it. 



Mr. Elliot : But you have to keep the buds rubbed off? 



Mr. Mackintosh : Yes. It is necessary to keep the buds rubbed 

 off during the first season. The spring following the stub is cut off 

 entirely. 



Mr. Wedge: There are two points that Mr. Mackintosh made 

 that are very valuable. I have never seen it done so nicely and so 

 well illustrated as it has been done here. The cut is nearly always 

 shown with the knife used above the bud. You are sure of a clean, 

 nice cut below, and you have to be sure to leave a small bud. Do 

 not try to cut the wood out under any circumstances, because in 



