ANNUAL MEETING, I9O3, WIS. STATE HORT. SOCIETY. 93 



"Commercial Orcharding," by Geo. T. Tippen, Nichols, Mis- 

 souri, was on the same lines and limited to apple growing. Has 

 had large experience both as a grower and buyer and gave much 

 useful and practical advice. Says there is no danger of overdoing 

 the business; Missouri is now in the lead for winter varieties; 

 should study climate conditions of our own states; if all apples 

 graded No. i it would increase the value of crops 50 to 100 per 

 cent. Thinks Duchess, Wealthy and Northwestern Greening as 

 good commercially for Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota as Ben 

 Davis is for Missouri. Plant only established varieties, and new 

 varieties should be tested by state institutions. Recommends 

 home grown trees and trimming while young, also thorough cul- 

 tivation. 



"Failures of Apples in Part of the State," A. J. Philips, West 

 Salem. Attributed his own failures to cold storms, which gave no 

 opportunity for pollen distribution. Says old orchards like old 

 men are passing away and hopes the new ones will be superior 

 to the old. Called attention to Yahnke's seedling and exhibited 

 specimens, which attracted marked attention; also to a chance 

 seedling in his own orchard which remains late on trees and stands 

 shaking off without injury, hence called "Shook" apple. Reviewed 

 his long experience in Wisconsin and extensive travels in other 

 states and referred in touching terms to many of the veterans who 

 have passed away, all of whom were his personal and warm friends. 



Oliver Gibbs referred to the Martha and other shy bearing 

 crabs, noting the work o'f D. C. Hazleton, Minn., along that line, 

 and illustrated that if properly planted, surrounded by other 

 varieties, they would produce fruit in abundance. An interesting 

 discussion on the merits of different varieties in which Wealthy 

 and Northwestern Greening were well championed followed. The 

 president is a Wealthy crank and to establish his grounds broke 

 in the head of a barrel which had been kept in cold storage over 

 five months and invited us to sample them, and after repeating 

 this experiment with another barrel again the following day think 

 he convinced most of the members that Wealthy is good enough. 

 Right here, Mr. Secretary, I want to suggest that instead of look- 

 ing longer for an ideal apple you divide the $1,000 prize among the 

 Wealthy growers, and if this meets your approval you may for- 

 ward check for my share. The Wealthy is hardy enough, can 

 be kept six months and then be found the best apple in the market. 



The reports of trial orchards established the fact that best pos- 

 sible had been done considering circumstances. 



The evenmg session, which was under the direction of the De- 

 partment of Agriculture of the State University, consisted of ten 

 papers as follows: "Pollination," C. L. Miller; "Vegetable Grow- 

 ing under Glass," A. C. McLean ; "Horticultural Education," H. 

 Breckenstrater; "Horticulture as an Industry for Women," Mrs. 

 M. E. Braddon ; "Care of the Farm Orchard," J. C. Shottler; "Start- 

 ing a Young Orchard on the Farm," J. P. Bonzelett ; "Our Native 

 Plums," Frank Stark. These papers were mainly contributed by 



