ORCHARDING ON THE WESTERN PRAIRIE. 1 83 



knows that it is necessary to protect his trees by a winter mulch he 

 will do it, and if we would emphasize that fact there would be more 

 apple trees planted. 



Prof. Hansen : I do not want the impression to go out that ap- 

 ples cannot be raised, for I have always maintained that thev could 

 be raised in South Dakota if properly cared for. I have always said 

 we should mulch our trees in the fall and cultivate in the spring. 

 Here is the point of the question that was asked : Mr. Kellogg made 

 the statement that apple trees on their own roots winter-killed in 

 1898 and 1899. I had some experience in that direction. I had some 

 scion-rooted Wealthy, Duchess and Hibernal winter-killed, but the 

 crab roots were perfect. I had Siberian. seedlings of the pyrus bac- 

 cata type that were entirely neglected, without any mulch, one in 

 a flower pot that was lying on its side outdoors all winter, and they 

 came out perfect in the spring. I would like to ask whether a case 

 has ever been known where the roots of the pyrus baccata have 

 ever been winter-killed ? 



The President : You have heard the question. Have you ever 

 had any experience with root-killing in the pyrus baccata? 



Prof. Hansen : 60 below zero is the limit in its own home. 



Mr. Underwood : They will not kill in wet, dry or cold ? 



Prof. Hansen : I do not think they will. 



Mr. Dewain Cook : Can stock be obtained ? 



Prof. Hansen : You can raise them from the seed. 



Mr. Kellogg : Please state about the grafting in the root. 



Prof. Hansen: T think it is a mistaketo top-graft. The entire 

 root system should be of the crab and the entire top should be of 

 the apple. 



THE MINNESOTA NURSERY AND ORCHARD INSPEC- 

 TION LAW. ENACTED SESSION 1903. 



A BILL For an Act to Prevent the Introduction and Spread of In- 

 jurious Insects and Dangerous Plant Diseases in the State of 

 Minresota. 

 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of jMinnesota. 



Sec. I. The entomologist of the state experiment station is here- 

 by constituted the state entomologist and charged with the execution 

 of this act. He may appoint such qualified assistants as may be nec- 

 essary, fix a reasonable compensation for their labor, and pay the 

 same ; and their acts shall have the same validity as his own ; he shall, 

 by himself or his assistants, between the first day of May and the 

 fifteenth day of September, in each year, when requested by the 

 owner or agent, or when he has reasonable ground to believe that 

 any injurious insect pests or dangerous and contagious plant disease 

 exist, carefully examine any nursery, fruit farm or other place where 

 trees or plants are grown for sale, and if found apparently free 

 from any injurious insect pests or dangerous or contagious plant 

 diseases, he shall issue his certificate stating the facts (good for one 

 vear unless revoked) and shall collect therefor a fee of five dollars 

 ($5.00) per day and expenses. 



