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soutlie"n part of the county aud dairying; in the northern. The town of Sangerfield 

 had about 1,000 acres in hops, the estimated yield of which was 500 pounds per acre. 

 The price per pound in the fall was 40 to 50 cents. But Germany and England, with 

 their clieap labor, have been able to send over hirge quantities, in consequence of 

 which the price has been reduced to about 25 cents. Ontario : Hop-growing, wool-grow- 

 wing, stock-raising, and fruit-producing, each has its ups and downs. Wayne : Tobacco 

 paid largely. Among grains, barley paid best. Genesee: Wheat, which generally takes 

 the lead, has lost that rank this year in most of the county. Barley, apples, wool, pork, 

 beef, products of the dairy, and eggs, would each have claims for pre-eiiiinence with 

 different farmers. The farmers as a whole will add something to their wealth out of 

 the last year's crops. Onondaga: We have a mixed agriculture, perhaps as much so as 

 any county in the State. The dairymen undoubtedly have done better thau any oiher 

 class of farmers, especially those who have raised hops in connection with dairying. 

 The amount cleared from each cow has varied from $40 to .$70. Much depends on loca- 

 tion, and very much on the skill and industry of the manager. Hops have sold for from 

 35 to 45 cents per pound. One farmer cut about 100 acres of meadow, and sold from it 

 200 tons of hay at $17 j)er ton — $".?,400. An Irish farmer, owning 60 acres, came recently 

 to pay interest due me. lie paid, principal and interest, $.500, and has paid to others 

 over $200 — over $700 — all from this year's profits. He raised wheat, barley, oats, corn, 

 and potatoes, besides keeping stock necessai'y for the farm. L'ensselaer : The cultiva- 

 tion of potatoes and hay is the most profitable, except fruit, not much of which is 

 raised. Columbia : The principal crops were hay and rye. The large number of mills 

 for the manufacture of straw-paper make rye one of the most proiitable crops we can 

 raise. Our ready access to market makes the hay-crop also very profitable. 



New Jersey. — Camden : The branch most followed is gardening upon a pretty large 

 scale, and the success is so various that from a crop of tomatoes one will sell $250 or $300 

 worth per acre, while the crop of another near him will not pay the cost of cultivating 

 and marketing. On small, well-cultivated farms many average in the amount of sales 

 $100 per acre, and on large ones scarcely more than half of that. Dairy-farming is 

 receiving considerable attention. The best results are shown in th'^. more rapid im- 

 provement of the farms devoted to it, owing to the increased size of the manure heap. 

 The average sales on these farms will not exceed $.50 per acre, leaving the net proceeds 

 at about $10 per acre, exclusive of the numure. Cumberland : Farming more diversified 

 probably than in any other county in the State. In some portions a great deal of at- 

 tention is paid to the raising of " truck" for the Philadelphia and New York markets, 

 and where the soil is adapted I think this is the most profitable branch of farming. 

 Some pay considerable attention, not to the raising, but to the fattening of stock, 

 others mixed-husbandry. 



Pents'sylvania — Bucks: Within twenty miles of Philadelphia, the growing of grass 

 for hay. A farmer, who combines intelligence with industry and energy, has, the past 

 year, marketed |1,204.()6 worth of hay from a farm of 95 acres, besides keeping a stock 

 of 25 to 30 head horses and cattle. His sales of hay for four years have averaged 42 

 tons, and in value $1,157. He states that his farm, valued at $1.50 per acre, has yielded 

 him over 10 per cent., after deducting intenjst on land, stock, and all expenses. More 

 remote from the city the dairy becomes the chief source of profit. For a 100-acre 

 farm, 15 cows are a fair stock, and the average profit iier cow ranges from $50 to $60. 

 In this case the hay and grain are mostly consumed on the farm, and the way is opened 

 for fattening market and winter pork, which is for the most part remunerative. In the 

 absence of the dairy the growing of early lambs for market shows a fair profit. The 

 account of a neighbor who, in the fall of 1872, bought 50 ewes, stands thus : for the 

 50 ewes, $4.50 per head, $225 ; for a Southdown buck, $15. Eeceived for 51 lambs, $306 ; 

 150 pounds of wool, .$75 ; 45 ewes in the fall, (5 having been lost,) $225 ; value of the 

 buck on hand, $16 ; showing a profit of $382. This can be relied on if the lambs can be 

 got into the market early. In cost of keeping, 6 ewes are considered equal to 1 cow. 

 This branch of farming requires less labor than a dairy. The chief drawback is danger 

 from dogs. Potatoes and fruit are next in profit. The cultivation of the latter, except 

 apples, is limited, but of the former is becoming general. Butler : Within the last two 

 years developments have proved this county to be the largest and best oil-district 

 in the world; conse((nently towns and improvements have sprung up as if by magic, 

 scattering millions of dollars among land-owners. This has caused an unprecedented 

 demand, at liigh prices, for every article the farm can pi-oduce for man or beast. Mercer : 

 Cattle, clieese, and butter — our iron-manufactories and oil-producing regions near by 

 make a cash demand for the above. Franklin : Wheat and corn. These are the staple 

 products, and the evidence that they are profitable is the certain prosperity of our farm- 

 ers. Luzerne : The population of the county is estimated at 200,000, about three-fourths 

 of whom are engaged in mining and shipping coal, or business connected therewith ; con- 

 sequently farm products of every kind irnd a ready market at good prices, and the result 

 is that farmers are more disposed to raise a variety of products than to adhere to a few. 

 While the great west fills our market M'ith grain to repletion, truck has no competi- 

 tion. Washington : If it were not for depriving the farm of manure by selling its pro- 



