108 



cbiuery. Cojjee: Very little. Cannon: Labor system imperfect ; more manure saved. 

 Anderson : None. 



West Virginia. — Brool-e : Slow aucl gradual improvemeut in feucinji;, roads, Lridges, 

 &c. ; none in methods of saviug and increasing manures, nor in the draining of land. 

 Taylor : None ; labor demoralized, beyond what the farmer and his own family can do. 

 Putnam : All our farmers show a marked improvement in the general introduction of 

 farm -implements, the sowing of clover and grass seeds, and in the greater care of manure 

 and other fertilizers. Harrison : None. Mercer : More attention given to the use of 

 fertilizers, plowing under crops in a green state, and introductioii of improved ma- 

 chinery. Berkeley : By the growing of young cattle for their manure and the introduc- 

 tion of mowing and reaping machines. U2)shur: Very little. Marion: Great improve- 

 ment in sowing of clover and timothy ; our best farmers sow all their wheat-fields in 

 timothy when they sow their wheat and cross it in the spring with clover. Tyler: 

 Some attention given to rotation of crops and to clover and grasses, but the means are 

 sparingly used. Grant: For want of a rational system our best farming lands on South 

 Branch of the Potomac are being rapidly exhausted, as shown by the reduced annual 

 yield. General introduction of labor-saving machinery. Fayette : Some talk of sub- 

 soiling. Boone: Some rotation. Cahell : A fevv^ cases of intelligent soil recuperation. 

 Lincoln: None. Kanauha: Some advancement. Barlour : None. TucJier : Producing 

 more of our own bacon and flour. Jackson : Large amount of improved machinery 

 introduced. Morgan : Improvements in fruit culture. Wayne : None. Min-erdl : Lit- 

 tle ornone. Jefferson: Some improvement visible. 



Kentucky. — Oldham: Better machinery and higher inducements to skilled labor. 

 McLean: None. Loyan : Large increase of labor-saving machinery. Hopkins: Very 

 little. Shelby: None. Kenton: Improved machinery; better preparation of soil for 

 crops. Jefferson : Considerabje extension of market-gardening by new settlers. Henry : 

 Very little ; farmers run too much in the old ruts. Adair : Farmers hold too much land. 

 Scott: Freedmen will only work by the day, and hence are not to be depended on for 

 cropping ; they are anxious to become land-owners and labor for themselves. Mercer: 

 None. Spencer : Increased use of labor-saving machinery as labor declines in ettective- 

 ness. Johnson: A small improvement in fruit-raising. Lincoln: Slow and steady im- 

 provement of labor. Lewis: The establishment of manufactures over this county, 

 comprising seven saw-mills, two stone mills, spoke, hub, stave, barrel, and cooperage 

 manufacturies ; six new turnpike-roads, two railroads in operation and a third organ- 

 izing; six new churches and twelve new school-houses. Two-thirds of the capital and 

 seventy-five per cent, of the mechanical labor came from abroad. Since the abolish- 

 ment of slavery the population and resources of this county have doubled. Met calf : 

 More bartering of produce for groceries. Daviess : A partial abandonment of the old 

 system ; old lands are brought back to usefulness and a systematic rotation generally 

 adopted. BusseU : Farmers here follow in the steps of their fathers; never luanure 

 their land ; plant in corn and tobacco as long as it will produce anj'thing, then clear 

 up more land and treat it in the same manner, until all the land is completely ex- 

 hausted, then sell out if thoy can, and if they cannot, leave all behind them and go 

 west. At hiast one-third of the lauds in this county are worn out and turned out to 

 grow up in briers and bushes. Breckinridye : A few young faruiers are progressing. 

 Boone : None visible. Meade : Farmers are working harder, saving more manure, and 

 getting all the improved m.achinery they can purchase. Graves: Some organizations 

 for improvement, but no tangil.de results as yet. Hart: No results as yet; some efforts 

 to secure improvement by organization. Livingston : None. 



Ohio. — Pickaway : The best farmers in the county have reduced the cost materially 

 of raising their principal staple, corn, by using improved implements, especially the 

 so-called breaking-plow. Shelby: Improving the laud by under-drainage with drain- 

 tiles. The low grounds of the county being the- most productive, their value is enhanced 

 and productiveness increased by a systematic and thorough draiuage. Vinton : A few 

 farmers have commenced plowing their fallows for wheat in June, and seeding with 

 the drill instead of the old mode of jilowing in September, and sowing broadcast and 

 harrowing in. We find by the former mode we can raise from 50 to lUO per cent, more 

 than by the old mode, and only 75 per cent, of seed to the acre is used. Champaign: 

 The employment of more farm -machinery, and a cultivation of less area, and doing it 

 in a more thorough manner, the high price of labor and i)roduce forbidding the hiring 

 of more help. I'nscaratcas : Some improvement in field-culture, and closer economy in 

 saving crops ; more home comforts and better farm-implements ; farm-labor declining 

 ineffectiveness. Marion: Much draining and under-draining of later years; better 

 breeds of live stock, especially Norman horses. Licking : Some imi)rovemeut in imple- 

 ments. Franklin : Most of the hard work done by machinery. Highland : Backward- 

 ness in introducing machinery and in saving manure ; too little clover. IVilliams : No 

 facts of interest. Warren : Gradual improvement each year; wonderful advance com- 

 pared with twenty years ago ; better implements and i)rocesses of culture. Medina : 

 Dairying greatly on the increase, so that few raise grain to sell. Less sneering at 

 "book-farming" than formerly ; greatly increased circulation of agricultural journals 



