233 



works have been financially profitable. For works in operation in the 

 provinces of Madras, Bombaj^, Bengal, Punjab, Siudh, and the north- 

 western provinces, according to the best available information, the ac- 

 count stands thus : Total capital invested up to the end of the year 

 1871-'72, £10,G59,000 ; interest at 4 per cent., £420,300. Net income, 

 £890,000. 



Area and population of Sweden. — The following facts are stated 

 upon the authority of Dr. Elis Sidenbladh, secretary of the lloyal 

 Swedish Bureau of Statistics : 



The Scandinavian peninsula consists of the two kingdoms of Sweden 

 and Norway, Sweden occupying 58 per cent.. of the total area of 701,500 

 square kilometers, andNorway 42 per cent. The population is 0,000,000, 

 of which 70 per cent, is in Sweden and 30 per cent, in Norway. The 

 population in 1750 was 1,703,338; 1800, 2,347,303; 1850, 3,482,541; 

 1870,4,108,525; 1871,4,204,177. 



Sweden extends, in a northern direction, to 09° 3' 21" north latitude : 

 toward the south to 55o 20' 18". The entire length of Sweden, north to 

 south, is about 1,500 kilometers ; its width 300 to 400 kilometers. 



The surface of Sweden consists of 407,440.51 square kilometers * of 

 land and 37,307.49 square kilometers of water. Total, 444,814 square 

 kilometers. 



High mountain-ranges divide Sweden from Norway. The highest 

 summits in Sweden are the Sulitelma, 1,874.9 meters in height, the only 

 mountain in that country having glaciers ; the Areskutan, 1,472 meters 

 high ; the Staedjan, 1,170 meters, and others not beyond 300. 



About 8 per cent, of the area of Sweden lies 000 meters above the 

 level of the ocean ; the entire central and southern portion, not over 

 240 meters; about one-third, less than 90 meters. Lakes and running 

 waters occupy an area of 37,307 square kilometers. Over 2,500 kilo- 

 meters are sea-coast. Among the many rivers are the Angermann-Elf, 

 the Goeta-Elf, the outflow of Lake Wener, famous for the cataract 

 Trolhffita, (111 feet.) 



Utilization of Paris sewage. — During the last fall the inspectors- 

 general of French agriculture assembled at Gennevilliers to examine the 

 works undertaken by the city of Paris for the purpose of drawing oE a 

 jiortion of the sewage of that city and applying it as a fertilizer to farms. 

 Their conclusions were embodied in a decree of the minister of agricul- 

 ture, in which prizes are offered to persons who, by the use of these 

 waters, may secure special improvements in production. These prizes 

 will consist of works of art and of medals of gold, silver, and bronze, 

 and will be awarded by a jury, consisting of two inspectors of agriculture, 

 a deputy, a municipal counsellor of Paris, a horticultural gardener, and 

 two agriculturists. 



Alcoholic production in France. — The production of alcohol in 

 France during 1873 amounted to 1,480,233 hectoliters, or 30,200,000 gal- 

 lons. Adding the foreign import, 42,477 hectoliters, or 1,122,118 gallons, 

 and the stock in the country amounted to 40,385,124 gallons. Compared 

 with 1872 the above figures indicate a falling off of 302,202 hectoliters, 

 or 7,983,511 gallons. A great reduction isindicated in alcohol from wine 

 and beet-sugar and in imported alcohols. On the contrary, an increased 

 production is indicated in alcoholsfrom farinaceous substances, molasses, 

 fruits, and other substances. The consumption in- 1873 amounted to 

 1,054,759 hectoliters, or 43,717,092 gallons, showing a decrease of 283,029 

 hectoliters, or 7,570,983 gallons. 



* I square kilometer = 217.1 1 34 acres, United States. 1 meter = J. 09363 yards, United 

 States. 



