269 



giving large scope to live-stock raising, especially in Schlcswig-Holstein, 

 Mecklenburg, Hanover, Oldenburg, and Algau. The last census enu- 

 merated 3,500,000 liorses, 15,000,000 cattle, 30,000,000 sheep, 8,000,000 

 hogs, and 2,000,000 goats. The wool-clip of 1869 amounted to 82J 

 million pounds, mostly in Prussia, Posen, Silesia, and Mecklenburg. 



Forestry. — Forestry, an important branch of German rural economy, 

 dates back to Charlemagne, who afforested the Ardennes and Osnabrack 

 woods. German forestry is the best in the world. The empire embraces 

 a forest-area of 56,460 square miles, about equal to the State of Michigan. 

 Of this area 31 per cent, belongs to government ; 16 per cent, to individ- 

 uals, or societies, and the remainder to individual proprietors. Upland 

 forests embrace 81 per cent, of the whole, and conifers 55 per cent. 

 About 310,000 acres are devoted to oak for tanning. The net profits of 

 forest-land range from 56 cents to $3.56 per acre. At an average in- 

 come of 77 cents per acre, the value of the German forests is computed 

 at $466,000,000. This large area of forest gives scope to a considerable 

 yield of wild game, of which, however, no trustworthy statistics are ac- 

 cessible. 



The fisheries are decreasing in yield, but measures have been taken 

 to arrest this decline. Several sorts of fishes, especially the bream, 

 are abundant in the waters of East Prussia ; 100 tons, worth $5.60 per 

 ton, have been taken at a single haul. 



Population.— The total population is stated at 41,058,632. 



The following table shows the population and area of the different 

 states of the empire, in English square miles : 



States. 



Kingdom of Prussia, (including Lauenburg) 



Bavaria 



Saxony 



Wiirtemberg 



Grand Duchy of Baden 



Hesse 



Mecklenburg-Schweiin 



Saxe- Weimar 



Mecklenburg-Strelitz 



Oldenburg 



Duchy of Brunswick 



\ ' Saxe-Meiningen 



Saxe- Altenburg 



Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 



Anhalt 



Principality of Sohwarzburg-Rudolstadt 



Schwarzburg-Sonderhansen 



Waldeck 



Eeuss, altere linie 



Eeuss, jiingero linie 



Schavimburg-Lippe 



Lippe-Detmold 



Free Cities— Lubeck 



Bremen 



Hamburg 



Ci'own-lands of Alsace-Lorraine 



Total 



Adding the coast-liarbors, &c.,and the area is 



Area. 



Sq. miles. 



137, 264 



29, 919 



5,903 



7,694 



6,038 



3,027 



5,247 



1,434 



1,075 



2, 524 



1, 455 



927 



521 



776 



916 



372 



338 



442 



108 



327 



175 



447 



113 



101 



162 



5, 715 



213, 020 

 214,711 



Population. 



24, 691, 307 

 4, 863, 450 

 2, 556, 244 

 1, 818, 539 

 1, 461, 562 

 852, 894 

 557, 897 



286. 183 

 96, 982 



314, 777 

 311,764 



187. 184 

 142, 122 

 174, 339 

 203, 407 



75, 523 



67, 191 



56, 224 



45, 094 



89, 032 



32, 059 



111,135 



52, 158 



122, 407 



338, 074 



1, 549, 459 



41,058,632 



Population 

 per sq. mUe. 



180 

 163 

 433 

 236 

 242 

 282 

 106 

 200 

 90 

 124 

 214 

 192 

 273 

 222 

 222 

 203 

 199 

 127 

 418 

 272 

 18.3 

 249 

 461 

 1,212 

 2,087 

 271 



192 



The nationalities of the population are stated as follows : Poles, 2,500,000 ; 

 French, 270,000; Lithuans, 150,000; Tcherkin, 150,000; Danes, 150,000; 

 Wends, 140,000 ; the remainder are Germans. 



In regard to religion, 25,549,781, or 62.2 per cent., are Evangelical 

 Lutheran ; 14,851,455, or 36.3 per cent., are Catholics ; 512,069, or 1.2 per 

 cent., are Jews. A smaller number profess other forms of belief. 



