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There are food steamers, brewing apparatus, aud haugiag on the wall 

 various kinds of harrows, among which the old Russian form, made of 

 the branches of trees, is not wanting, i^ear by are models of elevated 

 railways, copies of some in actual use, also cutting machines, and models 

 of laborers' houses, root-cellars, &c. 



The various systems for the improvement of swamps, reclamation of 

 meadows, utilization of sewerage, «&c., are also shown by appropriate 

 models, including the celebrated Petersen system of drainage, and va- 

 rious machines for irrigation, some of which are from the East Indies, 

 made of leather sacks on the spokes of the wheel, turned by man or bul- 

 lock power. There are five models of various kinds of timber-rafts, and 

 appliances for rafting timber down small streams. 



Hall No. 7 is filled with plows of home manufacture and imported. 

 Most of the foreign ones come from those celebrated makers, Ransome 

 Sons, of England, and are adapted for turning the smooth furrows the 

 Englishman loves so well. They are distinguished by long, twisted, 

 narrow mold-boards, and narrow shares, long beams and handles, and 

 high prices. The American plows are mostly without carriages, and are 

 particularly noticeable for the excellence of their material. The beams 

 and handles are of tough wood, and the share and board of so-called 

 German steel, by which is meant not steel made in Germany, but a 

 liarticular quality nearly approaching cast- steel. The first American 

 who made a cast-iron plow was Charles Newbold, of Burlington, N. J., 

 in 1797, who cast share and board in one piece, a plan soon super- 

 seded by Jethro Wood, who made them in tw^o parts, and in 1819 gave 

 them the well-known form they now bear. The American mold-boards 

 take a medium curve between the English form and the short, stumpy 

 plow seen in many parts of Germany. They break the ground less than 

 this last, and are better adapted for clayey soil. Near the American 

 collection is a plow from Mieuxmoron, of Dombasle, of Nancy, France, 

 whose factory claims to be more than a century old. It is strongly built, 

 like all French plows, and is evidently an improvement of the old Flan- 

 drian form. There is a large number of German plows, among which one 

 for beet-root culture is made to run 14 inches deep. In three glass cases 

 are 187 models, showing the complete history of plow manufacture from 

 the earliest date to the present time, and not far off are eight cases of 

 models of hand-tools of all nations to the present time. 



In corridor No. 8 are models of milk cellars and milk apparatus of all 

 sorts, tall vessels and flat pans, cooling and butter tubs, and cheese- 

 presses, «&c., as well as lactometers and other scientific a^jparatus for de- 

 termining the value of milk. 



Further on are shown tools for wine-making, including a small Pas- 

 teur's heater, and a collection of grape-stocks to illustrate methods of 

 training. 



The hall for seeds and grains is the finest in the museum. The sam- 

 ples are all arranged scientifically according to Eudlicher's system, and, 

 so far as possible, pictures of the living plants are also at hand ; the 

 various continents are denoted by the color of the label, as Europe, white ; 

 Asia, yellow ; Africa, blue ; America, green ; Australia, red. Case No. 

 5 contains a " Summary of substances used for food," and may be con- 

 sidered as exhibiting an abstract of the whole collection. The upper 

 shelf contains garden-seeds and foreign spices ; the next, the more im- 

 portant grasses and fodder plants ; the third, fourth, and fifth, the 

 grains used for human food. Besides the ordinary bread corn, we find 

 here the doura of the Arabs and Negroes, the eleusine of the Abyssin- 

 ians, the quinoa of the Peruvians, the sand halm of the Icelanders, &c. 



