506 



nets, receiving for this service £10 annually. The present manager has 

 been in charge the last twenty-five years. 



A writer in the Pall-Mail Gazette, who visited this co-operative asso- 

 ciation the past season, reports that, at the age of over forty years, it is 

 in a condition of assured and substantial prosperity. He found the 

 farm stocked with 6 horses and 1 colt, 16 horned cattle, " milch-cows 

 and fattening bullocks," 110 sheep, and large numbers of pigs and poul- 

 try, "varying according to the seasons." All the varieties of farm ani- 

 mals were of good breeds and in excellent condition. Artificial manures 

 are largely used, and the fields of wheat, turnips, and otlier growing 

 crops afforded proof of clean, good farming. The members and their 

 families, by visible evidences of thrift and contentment, as well as by 

 direct testimony, evinced a high appreciation of the advantages derived 

 from this co operative investment. "It is a rare, good thing for us poor 

 folks," said one. Another said, "1 wish there were such things in every 

 parish, so that the good the rich people do the poor might be handed 

 down from generation to generation 5 but poor folks must have a stait; 

 they have no money to begin with." The writer concludes : 



A co-operative society that has heen in existence for forty years ; that has never got in 

 debt, ami has fiiniisheci a satisfactory balance-sheet at the end of the year ; that, more- 

 over, has developed thrift, independence, and good feeling to the extent here witnessed, 

 cannot be pronounced a failure, but it must always be remembered that "poor folks 

 must have a start ;" nothing could have been done without capital — in this case bor- 

 rowed capital. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL RECORD. 



By Towxexd Glover, Entomologist. 



Grape- ROOT gall-louse. — As the Phylloxera vastatrix^ or grape- 

 vine-root gall-louse, is attracting universal attention in Europe, and 

 especially in France, in consequence of the injury the insect does to the 

 roots of the grape-vine, and is also said to be spreading in the United 

 States, it will be of interest to our vine-growers to learn that a congress 

 is to be held in the Tuilleries in Paris to discuss the subject in all its 

 phases. We therefore give the following questions in an extract from 

 the Wine and Fruit Reporter, Isew York, (copied from the London Wine- 

 Trade Review,) November 25, 1874: 



1. Is the Phylloxera the cause of the new disease of the vine or is it the result ? 2. 

 How is it to be accounted for that hitherto none of the insecticides applied, nor other 

 means recommended, have beeeu able to destroy it ? 3. If the Phylloxera is but the 

 consequence of the disease, would it not be advisable to treat the affected vines 

 prophylactically by means of powerful manure easily applied ? 4. How is the destruc- 

 tion of the insect by submersion of the vines explained ? 5. In what manner does the 

 Phylloxera carry the infection from a plant infected to a healthy plant ? 6. Is the 

 Phylloxera that attacks the roots of the vines (the species best known in Europe) 

 identical with the Phylloxera that preys on the leaves, (the species most prevalent in 

 America?) 7. Are there one or more parasites of the Phylloxera in existence and 

 known to science ? >i. Are there any species or varieties of the vine-plant that suc- 

 cessfully resist its attacks and defy contagion ? 9. Would it be possible and practi- 

 cable to multiply such varieties in France by grafting them on to the descriptions com- 

 monly planted in France ? 10. Is it possible to calculate the money-value of the 

 losses occasioned by the Phylloxera in the south of France ? 11. VN'hat is the economic 

 influence of the insect on the ijrice and consumption of wine, on the traffic of the rail- 

 ways, and the revenue derived by the State from the tax on wine f 



We expect the action of this congress will result in giving to the 

 world some new facts regarding the natural history and habits of the 



