PROGRESS OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. 
289 
Society ’ on the nature of our soundings in the Southern Sea, I stated 
that up to that time we had never seen any trace of the pseudopodia of 
Globigerina. I have now to tell a different tale, for we have seen 
them very many times, and their condition and the entire appearance 
and behaviour of the sarcode are, in a high degree, characteristic and 
peculiar. When the living Globigerina is examined under very 
favourable circumstances, that is to say, when it can at once be trans- 
ferred from the tow-net and placed under a tolerably high power in 
fresh, still sea-water, the sarcodic contents of the chambers may be 
seen to exude gradually through the pores of the shell and spread out 
until they form a gelatinous fringe or border round the shell, filling 
up the spaces among the roots of the spines, and rising up a little 
way along their length. This external coating of sarcode is rendered 
very visible by the oil-globules, which are oval and of considerable 
size, and filled with intensely coloured secondary globules ; they are 
drawn along by the sarcode, and may be observed, with a little care, 
following its spreading or contracting movements. At the same time, 
an infinitely delicate sheath of sarcode containing minute transparent 
granules, but no oil-globules, rises on each of the spines to its ex- 
tremity, and may be seen creeping up one side and down the other of 
the spine, with the peculiar flowing movement with which we are so 
familiar in the pseudopodia of Gromia and of the Radiolarians. If 
the cell in which the Globigerina is floating receive a sudden shock, 
or if a drop of some irritating liquid be added to the water, the whole 
mass of protoplasm retreats into the shell with great rapidity, drawing 
the oil-globules along with it, and the outline of the surface of the 
shell and of the hair-like spines is left as sharp as before the exodus of 
the sarcode. We are getting sketches carefully prepared of the details 
of this process, and either Mr. Murray or I will shortly describe it more 
in full Our soundings in the Atlantic certainly gave us the 
impression that the silicious bodies, including the spicules of Sponges, 
the spicules and tests of Radiolarians, and the pustules of Diatoms 
which occur in apjireciable proportions in Globigerina ooze, diminish 
in number, and that the more delicate of them disappear, in the transi- 
tion from the calcareous ooze to the ‘ red clay ’ ; and it is only by this 
light of later observations that we are now aware that this is by no 
means necessarily the case. On March 23, 1875, in the Pacific, in 
lat. 11° 24' N., long. 143° 16' E., between the Carolines and the 
Ladrones, we sounded in 4574 fathoms. The bottom was what might 
naturally have been marked on the chart ‘ red clay ’ ; it was a tine 
deposit, reddish brown in colour, and it contained scarcely a trace of 
lime. It was different, however, from the ordinary ‘ red clay,’ — more 
gritty — and the lower part of the contents of the sounding tube 
seemed to have been compacted into a somewhat coherent cake, as if 
already a stage towards hardening into stone. When placed under 
the microscope, it was found to contain so large a proportion of the 
tests of Radiolarians, that Murray proposes for it the name ‘ Radio- 
larian ooze.’ This observation led to the reconsideration of the 
deposits from the deepest soundings, and Murray thinks that he has 
every reason to believe (and in this I entirely agree with him) that, 
