whole of southern New Jersey and extends northward in a contin- 

 ually narrowing strip along the whole coast, terminating in narrow 

 offshoots into the valley of the Hudson and Connecticut Rivers. 

 In Pennsylvania it occupies the whole south-eastern corner of the 

 state and pushes up the valley of the Susquehanna, following its 

 tributaries into the low ground between the first ridges of the 

 Alleghanies. 



To the southward the Carolinian Zone sweeps along parallel to 

 the mountains, and, rounding their southern extremity, bends north 

 again, spreading over the upper Mississippi and Ohio Valleys, and 

 again enters Pennsylvania in the south-western counties. 



The same species of birds are found breeding throughout this area, 

 though the presence, or, at least, abundance of certain species at par- 

 ticular localities is often dependent on the local environment. Gen- 

 erally speaking, however, a list of the breeding birds of any locality 

 within the zone will correspond very closely with a similar list from 

 any other station within its boundaries. 



Certain birds do not range north of the Carolinian Zone, and are, 

 therefore, useful in determining more exactly its northern boundary. 

 Such are the Acadian Flycatcher, Cardinal, Worm-eating Warbler, 

 Blue-winged Warbler, Kentucky Warbler, Yellow breasted Chat, 

 Carolina Wren, Tufted Titmouse, and others. The presence of any 

 of these during the breeding season indicates a Carolinian element in 

 the fauna of the locality. 



The Alleghanian Zone, lying immediately north of the Carolinian, 

 embraces all of the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey not in- 

 cluded in the latter, except the tops of the higher mountain ranges 

 and portions of the elevated table land in the north central part of 

 Pennsylvania. Generally speaking, this includes the entire breadth 

 of the Appalacliian mountain system in these two states, except the 

 highest ridges already alluded to. The Alleghany Mountains (ex- 

 cept the high ridges) to their southern extremity belong to this zone, 

 and to the north it includes most of New York and New England 

 and the valley of the St. Lawrence, as well as southern Michigan, 

 Wisconsin and Minnesota. 



The Alleghanian Zone forms the northern limit to the range of 

 the following species, which occur regularly within its boundaries, 

 though they are much more abundant in the Carolinian Zone, ^. e., 

 the Wood Thrush, Brown Thrasher, House Wren, Field Sparrow, 

 Chewink and Dove. 



