82 



148. Bonasa umbellus (Linn.). Ruffed Grouse. 



Pheasant. 



Breeding Range — Eastern U. S., lowlands of Massachusetts to upper 



parts of Geogria. 

 Winter Distribution — The same. 



Resident, tliough now confined almost entirely to the mountain 

 and forest-clad districts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and to the 

 pine barrens of the hitter State (May's Landing, etc.). 



The RiifFed Grouse of the higher mountains are said to differ 

 somewhat in color from those of the lower districts, and may show an 

 approach to the Canadian Ruffed Grouse, B. umbellus togata (L.). 

 We have been unable as yet to examine a satisfactory series of speci- 

 mens. 



114:9.'] Tynij^anuchns cupUlo (Linn.). Heath Hen. 



Prairie Hen. 



Breeding Range — Martha's Vineyard Island, Massachusetts. (Formerly- 

 New Jersey to Virginia, etc.) 

 Winter Distribution — The same. 



Now extinct in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Up to 1868 and 

 probably later, a few were said to occur on the barren "plains"* 

 which cover {)ortioiis of Ocean and Burlington counties, N. J., and, 

 according to Turnhull,a few still survived in Monroe and Northamp- 

 ton counties. Pa., in 1869. 



The Family Phasianidae — The Pheasants and 



Turkeys. 



But one species occurs in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. 



* These " plains " form one of the most remarkable sections of the Pine Bar- 

 ren region. They comprise an elevated dry tract several miles in extent, sit- 

 uated between Cedar Bridge and Woodmansie. The ground consists of sand 

 and coarse gravel, being in fact an ancient sea beach, and is covered with a 

 low growth of shrubs including quantities of Arctostaphylos and Corema. The 

 pines occur on all sides, but are dwarfed and prostrate, not reaching an average 

 height of more than a foot and a half. Indeed, from the center of the tract as 

 far as the eye can reach, there are no pines more than three or four feet high, 

 and these are widely scattered. 



