88 Transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society. 



septal lines ; they are often wanting on the newer chambers of 

 the shell. In the further developed Cristellaria, Fig. 6, the granu- 

 lated septal lines continue the above- described character ; and in 

 Fig. 7 the aspersion of shellmatter in the form of pimples or 

 granules over all the older portion of the shell is a character fore- 

 shown by the somewhat irregular granulation in some specimens of 

 Marginulina fragaria ( WetherelUi), and in the grouped granules 

 on the umbo of Fig. 7. Soldani figured several highly granulate 

 Cristellarise of this kind.* 



Fig. 8 is the common and variable Nodosaria raphanus, 

 with characteristic ribbing ; Fig. 9 is its Marginulina, individuals 

 of which present gradual (though rare) passages to Cristellaria. 

 costata (F. and M.) and its feeble representative, Fig. 10. The 

 flat form of N. raphanus is Lingulina costata, D'Orb., Fig. 11 ; 

 and its Flabellina (Fig. 17) is Fl. striata, Hantken. 



Taking up Fig. 12 again, referred to above, we see its further 

 development in its colocal ally, Fig. 13, which may be said either 

 to fade away into, or to have come from, the Vaginulina, Fig. 14, 

 which is the flat asymmetrical, one-sided form of Nodosaria 

 raphanus. Fig. 15, one of the delicately elegant, flat Cristellaria 

 (Flanularise:), is related by gradation to Fig. 11, &c., in 

 PI. CXXYIII., and wears the usual costulate ornament of the 

 Nodosarinse. One of its extreme forms is shown in Fig. J 6. 



Fig. 18 is an explanate, broadly spiral Cristellaria (C. cassis, 

 F. and M.), putting on overriding chambers, and thus becoming 

 Flahellina, like Figs. 25 and 26, PI. CXXVIII., and thousands of 

 similar and analogous varieties. Fig. 19, a Cristellaria, with very 

 narrow, curved, vorticial chambers, has been already noticed. 



Besides the above selections, very many others might easily be 

 made. Thus, in Von Eeuss's beautiful plates of the Foraminifera of 

 the Westphalian Chalk,t the following might be arranged in suc- 

 cession :— PI. 4, f. 1 ; pi. 3,16; pi. 2, f. 8 : and pi. 1, f. 5 ; pi. 5, 

 f. 6 ; pi. 7, f. 4 ; and pi. 6, f . 5 : also pi. 7, f. 3, 5 ; pi. 5, f. 7 ; 

 pi. 8, f. 6 ; pi. 9, f. 4 ; pi. 10, f. 3, 4, 1. In Von Keuss's Memoir! 

 on the ' Tertiaren Foraminiferen-Fauna,' &c., the following series 

 may be studied :— PI. 3, f. 30, 36, 33, 37, 39 ; pi, 4, f. 47, 49, 50, 

 53, 54 ; pi. 5, f. 59, 65. From f. 53 to ph 5, f. 62 ; pi. 6, f. 68 ; 

 and pi. 8, f. 91. From f. 59 to pi. 6, f. 63, 64, and 66. Hundreds 

 of other gradational figures may easily be selected, but the above 

 are sufficient. 



* See 'Annals Nat. Hist.,' ser. 4, vol. viii., pi. 10 and 11, figs. 96-99, &c. 

 t Sitzungbber. math.-nat. CI. k. Akad., Wiss. Wien, vol. xl., 1860. 

 % Op. cit., vol. xlviii., 1863. 



