234 PEQGKESS OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. 



II. Fibres passing in different directions, througli the grey sub- 

 stance, for the purpose of connecting fibres. 



A. Simple networks, ea sunt : 1, primary networks at the border 

 of the white substance, combining the single bundles which have 

 passed out ; or 2, secondary networks, which, situated more in the 

 middle parts of the grey substance, combine those bundles of fibres 

 which have formed networks once before. 



B. Courses of fibres which combine different large parts of the 

 chord ; these are : 



I. The fibres of the posterior and the anterior commissures which 

 combine the two halves of the chord. 



II. The vertically running fibres of the grey substance which 

 combine parts of different heights in the course of the chord. 



III. Peculiar formations, probably for the purpose of connecting 

 fibres of different character : the ganglion-cells with the delicate net- 

 work involving the same. 



The Structure of the Stomach. — Mr. H. Watney gives the following 

 summary of his researches, which will soon be published in the 

 ' Philosophical Transactions.' It relates to the anatomy of the 

 pyloric end. 



1. The surface is seen to present somewhat parallel folds; the 

 stomach-tubes opening on the summits of these folds are longer than 

 those which open in the dejiressions between the folds. 



2. The epithelium is described as being closed during inanition, 

 but open at its free extremity during secretion. 



3. The germination of the epithelium is next described. The 

 conclusions arrived at are : — that the epithelial cells divide ; that the 

 small rounded cells (other than the lymph-corpuscles) are the pro- 

 ducts of their division ; that these small cells, increasing in size, rise 

 up among the older cells, push them to one side and become short 

 broad cells ; that the short broad cells divide longitudinally, and form 

 groups of two or three, or even more cells, which the author calls 

 "epithelial buds." 



4. A reticulum among the epithelial cells is described ; it is found 

 to be very delicate, and does not extend to the surface. 



6. The membrana propria is found to be composed of large cells. 



6. The muscle-endings in the plica3 villosfe are similar to those in 

 the colon of the rabbit, already described. 



7. Perivascular spaces are found in the upper part of the plicaB 

 villosfe ; these spaces are bordered by endothelial cells : the mem- 

 brana propria forms the upper wall of the space. 



8. ;The proper gland-tubes. A fine reticulum is described as 

 occurring among the epithelium of these glands. The nuclei are 

 found usually as flattened disks lying at the base of the cells. The 

 nuclei are, however, during digestion occasionally found to be spherical 

 in form. A third kind of nucleus was also found, which was possibly 

 intermediate between the two other forms. 



Lvjn'm in Plants. — Herr A. Burgcnstein contributed a paper on 

 this subject to the Academy of Vienna. He states that experiments 



