204 



Marlcet prices of farm products — Continued 

 Articles. May, 



San Francisco — Coutiuued. 



Hay, State per ton . 



Pork, mess per barrel. 



prime - — ilo 



Beef, mess tlo 



Lard per poniid. 



Bntter, State do 



Oregon do . : — 



overland do 



Cheese do 



Wool, choice do 



inferior and medium do 



$16 50 



14 00 

 14 

 25 

 18 



to!5;-22 00 

 26 00 

 25 00 

 to 18 00 

 to 16 

 to 32^ 

 to 23 



June. 



$14 00 



14 00 

 14 

 25 



toii|;20 00 



26 00 



22 50 



to 17 50 



to 16 



to 32^ 



25 to 30 



16 to 17 



30 to 334 



20 to 28 



AGRICIJLTUEE IN ITALY. 



The kiiijidom of Italy now embraces an area of 118,000 square miles, 

 and a population of 26,000,000. 



In 1805 the surface of Italy, including Venetiaand the Roman States, 

 was thus distributed: Arable lands, including vineyards, 29,719,167 

 acres ; natural and artiticial grass lands, 3,472,772 acres ; rice i)lanta- 

 tions, 363,712 acres; olive groves, 1,503,327 acres ; chestnut groves, 

 1,609,937 acres ; woods and forests, 12,088,822 acres ; pasturage, 

 16,794,847 acres ; marshes, lakes, &c., 3,005,835 acres; waste lands, from 

 6,500,000 to 8,000,000 acres ; maldng a total of about 75,000,000 acres. 

 One half of the soil that is cultivated is devoted to the cereals, while 

 only 4 per cent, of the entire surface is devoted to the cultivated 

 grasses; cattleandother domestic animals are, therefore, not numerous. 

 In the whole of Italy the estimated number of domestic animals is given 

 as follows : Horses, 1,402, 816 ; cattle, 4,007,476 ; sheep, 9,736,101 ; swine, 

 4,059,021 ; goats, 2,615,427. This is only one-lifth the number of domes- 

 tic animals in the United States in 1869. The annual average of cereal 

 and other productions, in bushels, is as follows: Wheat, 101,484,236 ; 

 maize, 48,728,339; rice, 3,972,325; chestuuts, 15,771,0!)0 ; potatoes, 

 27,894,157 ; other vegetables, 11,899,178. Of oil the average is 1,775,256 

 hectoliters, and of wine, 34,977,849 liectoliters. Northern Italy is in a 

 higher state of cultivation than the southern portion. Among the hills 

 of Piednunit, which are as 0.774 to 0.226 of plain, and more particularly 

 where the vine is cultivated, the land is mainly owned by small farm- 

 ers in lots avefaging from 1^ to 1^ acres, but on the plains, esi)ecially 

 where rice is grown, the farms are large, ranging from 100 acres to 3,500 

 and upward, and are generally leased to substantial farmers. The prin- 

 cipal products are wheat, rice, Indian corn, oats, rye, and other grains, 

 vines and mulberry trees, clover, lucerne, flax, and hemj) ; apples, 

 peaches, pears, cherries, chestnuts, and walnuts. Irrigation is general 

 ujion the plains. The yield of wheat, however, owing to defective til- 

 lage, is only about one-third of the English average per acre. Experi- 

 ments have proved that it may be doubled with proper cultivation. 

 The use of imi)roved agricultural machines, hitherto discouraged, and 

 of commercial fertilizers, is increasing. The cultivation of the vine in 



