81 



crnineut of India liereby oiiers a prize of £5,000 for tlie macbiue aud process tliat best 

 fulfills all tbe requiremeuts named above. 



5. Kewards of moderate amount will be given for really meritorious inventions, even 

 tbougb failing to meet entirely all tbe conditions named. 



6. Arrangements will be made by tbe government of India for tbe supply of carefully 

 dried stems, and specimens of liber separated from tbe bark, but subjected to no otber 

 process, to mecbanical firms and otbers desirous of competing, on application to tbe 

 secretary to the government of India, in the home department. 



7. All the machinery, &c., must be brought by the competitors at their own charge, 

 to the locality which will bo notified hereafter, probably in the northwest provinces or 

 the Fungat, aud there worked under the supervision of their own representatives for a 

 sufficient time, to enable the judges appointed by the government to determine whether 

 all the conditions named have been complied with. The prize machine is to be 

 transferred, if required, to government at five per cent, above cost price ; and the 

 patent-right in any such machine to be also transferred, if required, to government, on 

 the latter securing to the patentee a royalty of five per cent, on the cost price of all 

 machines manufactured under tbe patent during its currency. 



8. One year fi-om the date of this advertisement will be allowed for the preparation 

 of the machines and their transport to the locality named for the competition ; and the 

 trials will then be made and tbe decision of the judges annoimced. If no invention of 

 sufficient merit is received in the above-named period to obtain the prize ofi'ered, the 

 government will continue to allow machines to be tendered for trial till the end of two 

 years from the same date, after which, or on award of the prize, the oft'ers herein made 

 will be withdrawn. 



THE HATEFUL OR COLORADO GRASSHOPPER, fCalopfenns spre- 



tus, UlilerJ 



As the farmers east of the Mississippi River are deeply interested in 

 knowing' whether they are liable to the visitation of this insect, we pre- 

 sent such information as has been received since the last publication on 

 the subject. An article in the American Entomologist gives particulars 

 in regard to its invasion of Kausas, Nebraska, "Western Missouri, and 

 Western Iowa. Owing to the warmer climate of this section when com- 

 pared with that of the Rocky Mountains, the spring hatch reach maturity, 

 take wing, and disappear from the 24:th of June to the 14th of July, 

 whereas the usual i)eriod for the Rocky Mountain swarms to invade 

 these sections ranges from August 27 to the first of October. In 1868, 

 however, the summer being unusually hot, they reached Kansas early 

 in August, two weeks sooner than usual. This insect matured and took 

 wing in Iowa between the 1st and 5th of July, reaching Davenport, 150 

 miles east of the place from which it started. Although it did consid- 

 erable damage in its larval and pupa states, but little injury was done 

 by it after taking flight. A large swarm was observed in Jackson 

 County, Minnesota, July 9, 1868, moving north, doing little damage. 

 About the middle of August vast numbers of grasshoppers, apparently 

 of this species, were seen in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, traveling 

 from north to south. IsTo serious injury is reported of this invasion. 

 Mr. Thomas, a member of Dr. Hayden's geological party, found this 

 insect quite abundant, in the perfect state, at St. Joseph, Missouri, June 

 17, 1869, but when he reached Denver, almost a month later, it was just 

 passing from the pupa to the perfect state. 



These facts make it certain that the swarms which traverse the region 

 immediately west of the Mississippi, between the middle of June and 

 the first of August, belong to a different brood from those which invade 

 Kansas and the West between the middle of August and the first of 

 October. This gives us a fixed stand-point for investigation, from which 

 to deduce another conclusion equally certain, that this earlier brood of 

 the States is the produce of the eggs deposited by the western hordes of the 



