427 



Fruits : Apples, pears, and peaches planted in pine lauds, and pro- 

 tected by natural pine forests. The fruits should be canned, as at the 

 North. 



Berries: Dried for export, for canning, for preserves, and for liquors; 

 this business is already comiuencing in North Carolina. Strawberries, 

 blackberries, raspberries, and cherries, as well as vegetables on truck 

 patches, can be profitably raised as market crops near cities, and all can 

 be profitably canned as a regular business. 



Liquor : Distilled from corn, rye ; from fruits, as apples, i)eaches, and 

 cherries; also wine from grapes, particularly the Scupperuong, which 

 is indigenous in the South, and very i)roductive ; it bears early, and is 

 said not to be injured by insects or rot; it makes an effervescing or 

 foaming wine, and, with proper treatment, a rich and delicious still 

 wine. The thermal belt along the mountains, in the northern parts of 

 the Carolinas, is considered particularly well adapted to grape cultui'e. 



Ales and beer: F]*Dni native materials; should be fermented in prop- 

 erly constructed, deep, underground cellars; such cellars are equally 

 essential at the South to all wine-makers. 



Flants yielding edible farina, starch, &c. : Arrow-root, Bermuda and 

 Florida ; potatoes, Irish and red yam ; rice, Indian corn, Jerusalem arti- 

 choke. 



Plants yielding oils: Medicinal, dietetic, and for lubricating and burn- 

 ing purposes; flax, olive, castor bean, gold of pleasure, ground-nut, 

 bene, sunflower, cotton seed, Chinese tallow tree, fStilUngia Sebifera.J 

 This latter plant is naturalized, and grows abundantly near Charleston, 

 South Carolina. Its seeds are rich in oil, and yield also stearine and 

 elaine. 



Plants yielding forage: Ramie, common clover, mesquit, and other 

 southern grasses ; Japan clover, (Lespedeza striata,) a new forage plant 

 of great promise; Indian corn, Jerusalem artichoke, and even spurrey 

 and couch grass, may answer for winter pasturage, as they grow on very 

 poor, sandy, and worn-out soils; but are not favorites with northern 

 farmers. 



^Yood for house-building, furniture, utensils, &c. : Oaks, hickory, wal^ 

 nut, cypress, poplar, x)ine, pride of India, &c. ; trade in boards, staves, 

 and hoops. 



Ware for baslcefs : Osier willow, fSalix Forheyana,) Carolina willow, 

 (8. nigra;) spartina, &c. 



For hats, caps, mats, &g. : Palmetto leaves, saw palmetto, wheat and 

 rye straw, wire grass for mattings and curtains, fescue grass, reed mace, 

 fTypha latifolia.) 



Material for beds : Carolina long moss, boiled, rotted, and dried, can 

 be made a i^rofitable business; cotton fiber, saw palmetto, cat-tail or 

 reed mace, beech leaves. 



Material for brooms: Guinea corn, f Sorghum vulgare,) Doura corn. 



For packing fruit, merchandise, d'C. : Delicate leaves of ferns. 



For ship timber : The various woods: Liv^e oak, locust, pine, hickory, 

 &c. 



Plants to be cultivated as food for animals : Mulberry, (Herbemont's, 

 and the White Everbearing, yield immense quantities of fruit;) seeds of 

 sunflower, tubers of Jerusalem artichoke. 



Charcoal, lamp-black, and turpentine : From the pine. 



Saw-dust is a chief source of oxalic acid; formic acid and wood spirit 

 are prepared from it as a waste product, and are useful in many of the 

 arts, and in the calico and other manufactures. 



