110 Muhlenbergia, Volume 3 
This is at first minute and linear, then it grows larger and passes 
gradually into one or more different forms, as linear-lanceolate, 
lanceolate, elliptical, oval, falcate, cuneate with narrow wings, 
and cuneate or sagittate with broad wings. The scape and all 
the other parts of the plauts are constantly becoming more slen- 
der and thin than if the plant has been exposed to the air from 
the bud or in its early growth. In short, the plant expends all 
its energy in its endeavor to reach the surface and the air, and, 
on that’ground, becomes tiny and slender. 
Next, we follow the growing process of a plant with the 
winter bulb placed in the mud 2 or 3 inches beneath the surface 
of the water. On account of the easiness to reach the air and 
the short distance from the surface, more small phyllodes sprout, 
and long phyllodes have no occasion to be formed. The phyl- 
lodes who reach the surface get leaf blades, all of them being 
developed in the order described above. The remaining small 
phyllodes continue being attached to the plant in a rosulate ar- 
rangement. All the parts of the plant become more stout and 
plump. 
At last, we have to consider the conditions when the winter 
bulb is growing in mud without a coating of water. Then no 
phyllodes at all grow from the origin, and the first leaves are 
linear, and gradually, one by one, enter into some of the differ- 
ent forms enumerated above, until they, as fully developed, be- 
come sagittate, or they are sagittate almost from the bud, wiih 
short, stout, bent petioles, and larger leaf blades, flowers, bracts 
and fruits. 
In conformity with the above representation, I suggest the 
following description of 
SAGITTARIA ARIFOLIA Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 
6: 7. pl. 7..1894; Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl. 1: 89. 1896; Fr. 
Buchenau, Pflanzenreich, 1. c.—S.. sagzttifolia L. var. minor 
Pursh, Fl. Am, Sept. 2: 395. 1814.—S. varzadzlis Engelm. var. 
hastata formae b et c pro pte. Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 4: 77-78. 
1888.—S. sagittaefolia 1. vel variabilis Engelm. aut. Amer. diy. 
