STARR SUMMARY OF THE ARCHEOLOGY OF IOWA. 



«3 



Jackson County — Continued. 



bottom-side up ; this was destroyed in removing it, but measured 

 about 25 inches in circumference and 4 inches in depth ; under 

 it was a unio perforated near the hinge ; numerous pieces of scat- 

 tered charcoal were found in the mound. 



{b) No. 4 in the series; is conical in form and about 60 feet 

 in diameter and 5 feet high. It contained thirty-one skeletons, 

 mostly with heads south and feet north, although there was no 

 careful arrangement ; a number of stones were above the bodies ; 

 on and below the cervical vertebrae of two of the skeletons were 

 one hundred and sixty copper beads ; in three of these beads the 

 cord of woody fibre was still preserved ; with one of the piles of 

 beads were eight perforated bear's teeth ; a flint spear-head, 8^ 

 inches long, lay among the ribs of one skeleton ; numbers of 

 small, fresh-water bivalve shells were found. 



[c) No. 6 in the series ; it had about the same dimensions as 

 the last, but was perhaps a little higher. Near the level of the 

 original surface were four skeletons ; a fifth, probably intrusive, 

 was at a depth of one foot. The latter was in a bed of ashes, 

 and the bones were blackened and charred. 



(^) No. 7 in the series; contained one skeleton Avhich was 

 entirely and closely covered with rocks; charcoal and burned 

 stones were above and outside of this rock covering. 



At Bcllevne, White ^^6 examined a shell-heap which was com- 

 posed of the shells of eleven species of Unio and one species of 

 Alasmodonta ; the bones of deer and buffalo, potsherds, and flint 

 arrow-heads were found. 



At Sabula, on the Mississippi River, a shell-heap contained 

 shells of ten species of Unio, the bones of deer, wild goose, 

 snapping-turtle, soft-shelled turtle, catfish, sheephead, and various 

 undetermined fragments. Coarse potsherds, with bits of pounded 



shell in the paste, were found. These two shell-heaps show 



the mode of cooking in use among the makers; small pits were 

 dug in the bank soil; these were 3^ -yard wide and of the same 

 depth; the sides and bottom show action of fire; these are 

 closely filled with shells and bones; charcoal occurs; in the 

 original article White gives a list of the species represented, and 

 estimates the age of the heaps at a minimum of two hundred 

 years. 



