STARR — SUMMARY OF THE ARCHEOLOGY OF IOWA. 95 



Louisa County — Continued. 



other skull and other portions of the skeleton. Near the head, as 

 if laid upon the chest, was a smoothly-wrought copper axe, show- 

 ing impressions and traces of cloth; some two hundred poorly- 

 preserved beads of shell and some pearls were about the head and 

 in the skull; a few feet away were two carved stone bird pipes, 

 one of red pipestone with pearl eyes; close by were two more 

 copper axes. 



No. 4. Another copper axe, a copper awl, and several small 

 sandstone implements were found in a mound on the bluff by Mr. 

 Freeman; they were exposed by washing away of the bank. An 

 arrow-head of flint was found in each of these mounds where any 

 other relics were found. 



No. 5, on Mrs. Mallory's property,205 was explored in 1866. 

 Probably its original height was 8 to 10 feet. It was composed 

 of very hard mixed earth, with minute bits of charcoal scattered 

 through it ; at 4 feet 4 inches down was an evenly spread layer of 

 quite clean yellow clay ^ to i inch thick; this was slightly be- 

 low the original surface. At half-way down a small rough chert 

 knife or scraper was found ; at the west end were poorly-preserved 

 human bones, including a frontal bone of remarkably low and 

 brutal character ; here also was a much broken turtle shell. At 

 the middle of the mound was a finely made plain gray pipestone 

 pipe ; no remains were near it. The clay floor was found to stop 

 (on the west and south?) along a sharply defined diagonal line. 

 In the part of the mound beyond it was a grave, 20 inches or so 

 deep, containing a much decayed adult skeleton with its head to 

 the north-west, and some child bones ; another adult skeleton lay 

 at right angles to the first ; the grave pit containing these was ir- 

 regular in form, measuring 8 feet along the south-west side, 7 feet 

 on the north-west, and 6 feet and 5 feet along the others. 



No. 7 2°5 was symmetrical, one of the largest of the group; cir- 

 cular, with a diameter of 85 feet ; the height, reduced by cultiva- 

 tion, was about 10 feet. The excavations brought to light about 

 500 square feet of the base. The construction showed that a floor 

 of light-yellow sandy clay had been laid upon the original sub- 

 soil of pure clay. The mound was raised upon this to a height 

 of about 4 feet when it was covered — at least on its south half — 

 with logs of oak irregularly laid on. Some white ash-like mate- 



