STARR SUMMARY OF THE ARCHEOLOGY OF IOWA. 97 



Louisa County — Continued. 



Four other mounds here were opened by Toolesboro gentle- 

 men in 1875. They yere situated on the edge of a bhiff ; the re- 

 gion was covered with a growth of oak. The farm was owned by 

 Mr. J. J. Parsons. The structure was much as in those already 

 described. 



{a). Largest of those opened ; 40 feet in diameter, 8 feet high ; 

 the bulk of the mound — 140 cubic yards — was removed; at the 

 level of the natural surface was a thin layer of sand on which were 

 a large copper axe of 2}4 pounds weight and of unusual form, a 

 thin flat perforated bone implement, and several round stones ; 

 several skeletons also. 



(J)'). Half as large as last; no floor layer. Five copper awls, 

 one flat-sided square-edged axe, a carved pipe of mottled red pipe- 

 stone, representing a panther or lynx, several flint arrows, a large 

 lump of galena. 



{c). Small mound; considerable quantity of broken pottery, 

 a number of pieces of elk (?) horn several inches in length, \y^ 

 inch in diameter, and rounded over one end as if used for pestles. 

 id). 25x50 feet in diameter; 5 to 6 feet high; quantity of 

 human bones at 2^ to 6 feet deep; all crumbling. An unfin- 

 ished pipe of soft whitish stone ; several horn implements like 

 those from c. One of a group on the other side of the village 

 back from the bluff", opened in 1880 by Hindman.204 It was 30 

 feet in diameter; 3 feet high. A skeleton, two earthen vessels, 

 (one near the head, the other opposite the middle of the body) 

 badly crushed, lay at its right; the one near the head contained 

 ashes and earth ; a foot above the head a large piece of mica and a 

 piece of obsidian (two pounds weight), were found near the centre 

 of the mound at the same level with the skeleton. 



Stevenson also mentions investigation here.'^^ Two compan- 

 ion mounds excavated ; out of line and away from bluff" some forty 

 rods. They were about 40 feet diameter and 5 feet or more high. 

 In one {a) a copper celt among fragments of bones, char- 

 coal, and a decayed mass of wood ; it was 5^ inches long, from 



y% to 2i^ inches wide, and S/^ inch thick; weight i pound. 



On a level with the axe but 8 feet from it a beautiful earthen pot, 

 5 inches deep and 6 inches diameter, with rounded base. Close 

 to it a miniature pot in bad condition. Near the vessels, many 



