STARR — SUMMARY OF THE ARCHEOLOGY OF IOWA. I 23 



Wapello County — Continued. 



No. 2 was 180 feet in circumference, 60 feet in diameter; it 

 yielded a few bones but no relics. East of No. i and one-fourth 

 mile away are the remains of an old hearth, near which a number 

 of arrow-heads were found. 



Trawell Group (see map). Consists of three mounds of same 

 size and appearance as the last. From one was taken a small 

 hatchet of greenstone. 



Stiles Group (see map). Yielded a few broken arrow-heads, 

 a small greenstone hatchet, and some bits of obsidian. 



Village Creek Groups (see map). There are seven or eight 

 mounds in each of the two groups; the eastern group is on a high 

 ridge ; the mounds are about 150 feet in circumference and 4 feet 

 high ; they are about one hundred and fifty feet apart. Structure 

 as shown in them is: i foot earth ; 2 inches of ashes, charcoal, 

 and calcined bones ; two other ash-layers at about i foot inter- 

 vals ; these ash-layers extend to the very edge of the mound. 



Similar evidences of fire action are found in the western group. 



Cliffland. Six miles from Ottumwa, on a high site in view of 

 the Village Creek Groups and on the opposite side of the river 

 from them, are three mounds, about forty rods apart and ranging 

 east and west ; the easternmost is much like the Village Creek 

 mounds, consisting of clay and ashes ; it is 50 feet in diameter 

 and nearly 4 feet high ; in it were several small pieces of mag- 

 nesian limestone, yellow and red sandstone, and a few bits of 

 flint, all showing signs of having been heated. No bones were 

 found, but a gray pulpy mass may be traces of them. 



Near Eldon, in Washington township, one and a half mile east 

 of the village, on level river bottom land are three east and west 

 lines of mounds. There are five in each range ; the ranges are 

 about eighty yards apart ; the mounds measure from 10 to 50 feet 

 in diameter and from i^^ to 2^ feet high. They consist of 

 loose sand and mould and are supposed to be fairly recent graves 

 of Omaha Indians. 



Thomas describes this region 221 and assigns a group of mounds 

 south of Eldon to the lowas and a group further south, and just 

 north of lowaville, to the Pottawatomies. Black Hawk's grave 

 is with the former group. Near it also are three hard worn par- 

 allel tracks nearly a mile long — a race-course. 



