342 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 



slicing is impracticable, two trenches should be run across the mound, in- 

 tersecting at the centre, and carried to some distance below the original 

 surface on which the mound was built. These trenches should be two or 

 three feet wide. 



4. Earthworks other than mounds should be trenched across to show 

 their construction ; the section should be carefully examined, marked, and 

 described ; the trench should be refilled to preserve the original form of the 

 work, and its position should be indicated on the plot and in the notes. 



5. Shell-heaps should be carefully cut across and picked to pieces along 

 the exposed section ; a diagram showing stratification of the heap, relations 

 of the shells to underlying and overlying deposits included, and the thick- 

 ness of the layers should be drawn ; the relation of the heap to topography 

 and water-courses should be described and the form and area of the heap 

 should be determined. Collections should be made of all species of shells 

 and bones contained therein ; also of relics of human remains. The posi- 

 tion of each object found should be exactly noted. 



6. Village sites should be studied ; the evidence for their being such, 

 stated ; the area should be determined, and a plot made, upon which the 

 location of old homes or hearths should be marked, if possible. All relics 

 found, however crude and imperfect, should be preserved, and a list and 

 tabulation of them made. 



7. Rock -shelters or caverns in cliffs have often been used as homes. If 

 such are found they should be carefully described, with their surroundings. 

 Evidence of construction or artificial modification of the retreat should be 

 noted. The walls should be examined for carvings or paintings. The 

 floors should be carefully excavated. The objects found should be located 

 and dealt with the same as mound finds. Diagrams, sections, drawings and 

 photographs should be made of interesting points. 



8. Look for aboriginal workshops or factory sites. What was made ? 

 What relation does the site bear to any source of supply of material ? Col- 

 lect broken and rejected objects, raw materials, tools and implements. 

 Make full notes. 



9. Seek for aboriginal quarries or diggings for materials. Collect data 

 like last. Carefully describe, photograph, measure, and diagram. 



10. Search after carvings or paintings on cliffs, cavern walls, or boul- 

 ders. Carefully make tracings of such in natural size and original colors, 

 or make rubbings of them. Photograph the designs in such a way as to 

 show their relations to surroundings. 



11. Occasionally caches or " deposits" are found. These are groups or 

 clusters of objects intentionally buried in the earth. Describe such. Where 

 were the objects found ? At what depth ? How were they placed ? What 

 is their number ? Were all of one type ? Describe the specimens— forms, 

 material, size, grade of workmanship. Draw each type. Such caches should 

 be kept entire and not divided or scattered. 



12. Where are there archaeological collections of Iowa specimens, public 



