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by lake, canal, and railroad, thus writes: “Apples and grapes seem best 
adapted to our section, but pears, peaches, quinces, cherries, and plums are 
largely raised. In fact, nearly all the fruits of northern latitudes do well here. 
This county is also largely in the business of growing fruit trees. Some nur- 
series of nearly one thousand acres of young trees, and many more of over 
one hundred acres, are in this vicinity. As to facts in fruit culture: the writer 
had, upon a trifle less than one-fourth of an acre, fifty-three barrels of Baldwin 
apples, two years ago; sold for $5 per barrel—$265 for the lot. The same 
ground produced forty-seven barrels this season; sold for $3 50 per barrel— 
$164 50 being the product of less than one-fourth of an acre. This variety, 
the Baldwin, bears only alternate years here. The present year my vineyard, 
of two acres, produced 11,240 pounds of grapes, (not a large yield,) which sold 
at about 12 cents per pound.” | 
The Jefferson correspondent gives the following facts illustrating the influ- 
ence of large bodies of water in fruit-growing : “‘ There is a marked difference 
in the capabilities for fruit of the southern and northern part: of our county. 
While the section south of the Black river is, in most of its towns, well 
adapted to fruit, particularly to apples, the towns lying north of the river pro- 
duce them only in a few localities in quantities to make their culture profitable, 
and those localities are situated along the shores of Lake Ontario and its bays, 
and on the river St. Lawrence. At some distance back from the shore fruit 
trees are very shori-lived. They will grow rapidly for a few years, bear a few 
good crops, then decline, or die off suddenly. Whether the cause of this is in 
the soil or in the climate, I am unable to say; it is found, probably, in both 
combined. Our soil consists of clay and loam, underlaid by limestone, generally 
deep enough for the plough, but occasionally cropping out in ledges. We have 
long and cold winters. Our summers are hot, and frequently dry, and these 
circumstances combined may be unfavorable to the life of fruit trees. By 
selecting the most favorable situation in regard to soil and shelter, and by deep 
drenching and draining the land, and with proper after-care and attention, some 
farmers have secured a good prospect of success.” 
From Ulster, $100,000 worth of strawberries were last season shipped to the 
New York markets, and at least $200,000 worth of whortleberries from the 
Shawangunk mountains. From $400 to $1,000 worth of small fruits are sold 
from an acre. Destruction of plum trees by black knot is reported in Kings. 
The same disease has also attacked cherry trees. Favorable accounts of pears 
are received from Queens, especially as to the Bartlett and Lawrence. It is 
stated of Westchester that apples, formerly abundant, are scarcely ever grown, 
The only sorts produced with any success are the Russet and Greening. That 
peaches and plums cannot be raised, but that pears are comparatively successful. 
Good apple orchards in Livingston produced an average of $100 per acre. 
Apples are abundant in Tioga, and a large amount of cider is made, selling at 
$6 per barrel. Apple orchards yield $100 per acre in Steuben, at $2 per barrel 
at home. In the towns of Pultney and Urban, grapes yield $600 per acre in 
some cases, averaging $350 per acre. Pears do well in Onondaga. Old apple 
trees are dying out and many new orchards are being planted, though they do 
not yield as formerly. The cutting away of forests is suggested as the reason of 
the change. Theculture of grapes is being greatly extended in Seneca, especially 
on the lake shores, and is found very profitable. 
The Genesee correspondent says: “ Our soil and climate are capable of pro- 
ducing all the different fruits, but apples are principally raised for export. Their 
cultivation has proved profitable and orchards are extended. I here give the 
yield and profit of the orchard of my neighbor, Hon. John W. Brown, for the 
past three years, as a fair sample of the county: Extent 23 acres; near 100 
trees, planted about 45 years ago; about one-half ingrafted with winter fruit, 
