17 
from the swamps of Burlington and Ocean are sent to market large quantities 
of cranberries, upwards of 100,000 bushels in 1867. The light lands of the 
lower counties of the State are well adapted to the growth of berry crops. Sweet 
potatoes are also largely grown in the sandy soils of Burlington, Gloucester, and 
other counties, and return large profits to the producer. The average produe- 
tion of corn in 1866 was 43$ bushels per acre; wheat, 134 bushels; rye, 14 
bushels ; oats, 343 bushels; barley, 20 bushels ; buckwheat, 18 bushels ; pota- 
toes, 77 bushels ; hay, 14 tons. 
5. Mediterranean wheat, chiefly red, is almost entirely grown, being considered 
less apt to be affected by the rust and insects, though samples of the early 
Boughton wheat have been tried with success. In the western and northern 
counties wheat is generally sown from the first to the third week of September, 
and harvested during the first and second weeks in July, while in south and 
west Jersey the ground is seeded a week or two later and the crop harvested 
a few days earlier. The mode of culture is generally the simple ploughing 
and harrowing, with special manuring, frequently after early potatoes, corn, 
oats, or vegetables. In Burlington, Warren, Union, Ocean, and Cape May, from 
two-thirds to three-fourths of the seed is drilled. Spring wheat is not culti- 
vated. The average length of the pasturage season is about six months, at a cost 
per head varying from one to four dollars per month. In Hudson and Hunter- 
don it is estimated at $4 per month; in Passaic, Essex, and Burlington, $3; Union 
and Gloucester, $2 50; Monmouth and Warren, $2; and Cape May as low as 
$1 per month. White clover grows quite generally, also common or herd grass, 
and red clover and timothy grow well on prepared ground, the latter furnishing 
the chief crop of market hay. 
7. Apples have ceased to be a reliable crop in New Jersey, and only in alter- 
nate seasons are orchards looked to for even a fair yield, so injurious to the fruit 
and trees have the insects become. Pears are more successfully cultivated. 
Peaches are also uncertain as a crop, but so profitable when yielding that much 
attention is being given to their production in the central and southern counties. 
Grapes are subject to mildew and rot, and are not generally successful as a crop. 
The blackberry, strawberry, and raspberry, grow in great perfection, and are ex- 
tensively cultivated for the city markets, yielding almost fabulous profits to the 
cultivator. The demand for these small fruits always exceeds the supply, and 
the perfect adaptation of the light soil of the lower part of the State to their 
growth offers assurance of good returns for the industry devoted to such cul- 
ture. The cranberry production is also large, and, as heretofore stated, is proving 
largely remunerative, and rendering valuable lands formerly apparently worth- 
less. This crop is said to average a profit of $300 per acre, the price being 
from $3 to $4 per bushel, and some large growers produce from 4,000 to 5,000 
bushels. The total yield of the crop for 1867 was upwards of 100,000 bushels, 
and will be largely increased the coming year. The unimproved swamp lands 
adapted to the growth of cranberries sell at from $10 to $50 per acre; cost of 
preparation about $240 per acre, and when in full bearing sell as high as $1,000 
er acre. 
. Quite a large influx of population is noted in the counties offering induce- 
ments of cheap lands and railroad facilities for marketing crops, and in a few 
years many thousand of acres of what has been considered waste lands will be 
brought into profitable cultivation. 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
1. Estimates from but two or three counties of Pennsylvania place the average 
value of improved farm lands at the same figures as given in 1860, while the 
general average for the whole State would appear to be about 20 per cent., 
from 20 to 25 in the eastern half, and from 15 to 20 per cent. in the western 
2A 
