15 
and Macon ; Johnson white in Halifax; Orleans white in Anson; early white 
and “Ruffin”? in Camden; red May in Mecklenburg; and Clingman in Hender- 
son. It is note-worthy that the early Tappahannock, distributed by this de- 
partment, is superseding all or nearly all these varieties as fast as it becomes 
known, and is now preferred in Lincoln, Anson, Mecklenburg, Wilkes, Polk, 
Caldwell, Davie, Person, Watauga, and Burke, for its early ripening, freedom 
from disease and insects, good yield, and hardiness. Sowing is done from early - 
in September to January, but generally in October and November. Harvesting 
is generally in June, sometimes extending into July. In one wheat-growing 
county the cradle is spoken of as lately superseding the reap hook, (sickle.) 
' 6. Crab, wire, and sedge-grasses are the most common zatives. Herds, 
meadows, blue, timothy, and water grasses, and the clovers are more or less com- 
mon in most counties. Lespedeza (wild clover) in Lincoln county is rooting 
out the sedge and crab-grass. But few regular pastures or meadows are made. 
Most stock is turned into forest and mountain ranges in the spring, and remain 
there until after harvest, when it is put into the fields. On some of these ranges 
eattle grow fat. Regular pasturing costs from one dollar to two dollars per 
month ; in ranges, the expense of occasional attendance and salt is from one 
dollar to four dollars the season, which lasts from six to eight months, and win- 
ter foddering from three to four and a half months. Little or no stock is raised 
in Bertis, Northampton, Anson, and Stokes counties. 
7. The long seasons mature northern winter apples too early for good keep- 
ing, but the fine Virginia and native winter varieties keep well. Only small 
quantities of fruits are raised in Northampton, Anson, Camden, Gaston, Moore, 
and Cumberland; but if there was a demand, nearly all would be found well 
adapted to fruit raising. The other countries are well suited to this culture, and 
fruits of all kinds (except tropical) are easily cultivated and produce abund- 
antly. In some counties the apple, in others the pear, and in yet others the 
peach are never failing. In many, the native grapes, especially the Scuppernong, 
produce abundantly, and are free from mildew and rot. In Wilson the Scuppernong 
yields from 20 to 25 barrels of juice per acre. In Chatham apples are profitable. 
In Polk one hundred apple trees yield one hundred gallons of brandy. In Alle- 
ghany apple trees average ten bushels each, at a profit of twenty cents per bushel. 
In Davie an acre of apple orchard is worth from $100 to $150 annually. In 
Onslow fruit raising is profitable and orchards on the increase. Wilkes is claimed 
to be the best county in the State for good apples and cherries. In Guilford 
orchards of good apples, peaches and cherries, are profitable, and in several 
others fruit raising could be, if facilities for marketing were afforded and proper 
attention given to the business. In Stanley pear blight is prevented by a free 
application of putrid urine to the roots at the beginning of winter, and stone 
fruit trees protected from the borer by applying the same remedy before and 
while the insect is at work. 
SOUTH CAROLINA. 
Returns represent the decrease of real estate to be from 25 to 80 per cent., 
making the average for the State about 60 per cent. ‘I'he causes are variously 
stated : general indebtedness, scarcity of money, want of reliable laborers, great 
loss of capital in slaves, want of capital, unsettled condition of the country, 
general poverty of the people, fear of confiscation, and negro domination. 
2. Union district reports none but worn-out lands, worth little; Chester, 
the same, but on trap formation, and can therefore be easily reclaimed by deep 
ploughing, while the wooded lands are well timbered. In Spartanburg woodland 
is seldom sold, except as part of cultivated farms, and then at four to five dollars 
per acre. The uplands are thin in soil; the gray—standing drought—is best 
for cotton, and the reddish for wheat. Georgetown has pine lands, for poor, 
coarse pasture, at 50 cents to $1; such as lie near water carriage are worth $1 50 
