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to $2 for turpentine and lumber. Few sales are reported in Pickens; asking 
price from 10 cents to $5 for lands that will yield ten to twenty bushels of corm 
and four to ten of oats, rye, or wheat. Abbeville unimproved lands are gener- 
ally poor ridges and abandoned lands, at $2 per acre; Sumter, light sandy, with 
elay subsoil, at 50 cents per acre, which, if covered with pine, are valuable for 
turpentine; Richland, from $1 to $5; much is valuable only for timber; the 
oak and hickory lands will yield 500 to 1,000 pounds cotton, 10 to 20 bushels 
corn, and 8 to 12 bushels wheat; in York county, King’s mountain lands, fit only 
for coaling and iron working, are now being operated by two iron companies. 
Marion has much virgin land, valuable for farming, adapted to cotton, corn, rice, 
&c.; heavy pine forests scarcely touched, valuable for naval stores: and swamp 
lands for oak and cypress lumber—average price, $2. Barnwell reports rich allu- 
vial swamp lauds on water-courses, expensive to clear and drain, heavily tim- 
bered with sycamore, cypress, poplar, short-leaf pine, &c., and cane-brakes, afford- 
ing rich pasturage the year round. The oak and hickory lands are less rich, but 
easier cleared. Pine lands and barrens, kept for ‘“‘ ranges,” are too poor to cul- 
tivate; average price, $2 per acre. Lands rated at 6 bushels corn per aere 
can easily be made to produce much more by a good cultivator, as 600 bushels 
sweet potatoes have been produced on such lands by manuring and good tillage. 
Barnwell district, it is claimed, is peculiarly adapted to produce silks, wines, and 
fruits, and has railroad and water communication to all parts of the State. Iron 
of superior quality, in great abundance, is found in Spartanburg, but only used 
for plantation purposes; ore is reported in Abbeville. Gold is found in Spar- 
tanburg, in Pickens, (where a company is now successfully at work, near Wal- 
halla,) in Abbeville, (where “ Horn’s gold mine,” discovered in 1834, has al- 
ready yielded $1,000,000, and is still worked with profit ;) and in York some 
mines have lately been sold to northern capitalists, including some California 
miners. Lead, also, is found in Spartanburg, copper and silver in Pickens, 
very pure ochre in Abbeville, and immense beds of kaolin and superior buhr- 
stone. Marl in Barnwell contains a large percentage of lime. This district 
has had several manufactories of cotton, paper, &c., in profitable operation, and 
some are yet running successfully. 
4. Cotton is the only special or market crop in Spartanburg, Union, Abbe- 
ville, Sumter, Richland, York, (southern part,) Chester, and Marion, and raised 
also as one among others, in Barnwell. All testify that at present it is profit- 
less, and in most cases a losing crop. Rice has been the special crop in George- 
town, but only about one-tenth (5000 tierces) of the former amount is now 
raised. Corn and wheat are grown in Spartanburg as a principal crop; also, 
rye, oats, and common and sweet potatoes for home consumption; the same is 
true of Abbeville and Chester. In Barnwell the Irish potato has been grown, 
with no manuring and little cultivation except mulching, at the rate of 400 
bushels per acre. In the same garden, out of 700 cabbages, 500 bore large 
heads, some of the early York 42 inches in diameter, and other vegetables of 
proportionate size, all showing that the soil only needs better culture to produce 
abundantly. As the season is from four to six weeks earlier than in New Jer- 
sey, market gardening for northern markets would be profitable as fruit growing 
in the latter State. The only implement for cultivation in Union distriet is the 
common one-horse plough, and there is no machinery for harvesting crops. The 
yield of farm lands is generally 300 to 1,000 pounds seed cotton, 8 to 50 bush- 
els corn, 20 to 40 bushels rice, 4 to 15 of rye, and 10 to 20 of oats. Of course 
better implements, thorough tillage, and good use of marl and other materials 
and manure, would greatly increase these products. 
5. In Spartanburg, Pickens, Abbeville, and Chester, red wheat, (also called 
Hunter and Alabama) is preferred; in Union, Chester, and Marion, the red 
May, (also called “ Orleans ;”) in York, the red Mediterranean for poor, and red 
May for good lands. In Sumter and Richland, also, red wheats are preferred. 
