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In Georgetown no wheat is grown. Among white wheats, Walker, King, Bal- 
‘timore, Virginia white, Big white, are named, but red wheats are generally pre- 
ferred as hardiest and earliest, and therefore escaping rust. The T’appahannock 
is preferred to all kinds where known. Time of sowing is generally October 
and November, but varies from the first of September into January, and har- 
vesting generally early in June, but varies from the middle of May to July. 
The usual mode is to sow broadcast from one to four pecks on unploughed corn 
ground, eovering with a shovel-plough ; sometimes the harrow and roller follow; 
nature does the rest, and a poor crop is the result. Mr. William Robinson, of 
Fairfield district, raised 1134 bushels wheat on two acres by ploughing “ red 
mulatto” land one foot deep and manuring well. Harvesting is done with the 
reap-hook or hand-eradle. Not three per cent. of the grain is drilled—nearly 
all broadcast. 
6. Broom sedge and crab grass are the principal native grasses reported, to 
which Abbeville, York, Chester, and Spartanburg now add Lespedeza striata, 
variously termed Southern, Japan, and wild clover. All unite in testifying to 
the good qualities of the latter as a pasture, it supplanting sedge and Bermuda 
grass, and being easily exterminated by the plough and hoe. Fowls grow 
fat on its seed during winter. It will grow in pine thickets where nothing 
else will grow. It salivates horses in the fall like other clovers. The stalks 
and roots die out in winter, but it springs up from the seed early in the 
spring. In general only working cattle aud milch cows receive teed from 
about April to October or November; they are turned out on abandoned lands 
and into the woods, where they live on shrubs and wild grasses until after har- 
vest, when they are pastured in the grain fields. In canebrakes cattle do well 
all the year. In Georgetown the woods are burnt over to promote an early 
start of grass; after which, in February and March, many cattle die of starva- 
tion. Sumter reports, “farm animals cannot subsist on our pastures.” No 
shelters are provided for cattle. 
7. Winter apples do not flourish south of the Blue Ridge; all others, and 
fruits generally, do well when cultivated, but there is no market. In Union 
peaches fail about every third year; apples are surer. In Georgetown pears 
do well. The Seuppernong grape never rots, and figs flourish. In Pickens 
the Winter Sweet apple never fails, and the buff apple is highly valued. In 
Marion an aere of grapes yields 1,200 gallons wine, and will be worth $500 a 
year for many years. In Barnwell large orchards of peaches, raised for north- 
ern markets, have proved very profitable, and apples and pears can be made so. 
Near Aiken 300 to 500 acres of grapes flourish, rarely mildew or rot, and pro- 
duce abundant fruit of fine flavor. Brandies were formerly distilled largely from 
cultivated and wild fruits, berries, haws, persimmons, &c., but since the war 
these manufactures receive less attention. There can be no doubt tnav sruit- 
raising could be made remunerative as market communications are opened, and 
the profits can be largely increased by proper care and management. 
GEORGIA. 
i. Returns to our circulars from about fifty counties of this State show an 
average decline of from fifty to sixty per cent. in the value of farm lands, as 
compared with the estimates under the census of 1860. No county reports an 
actual increase; but Union, Fulton and Charlton show no change in value since 
the date named. A few counties report a very large decline—from eighty to 
ninety per cent., but the major portion range from forty to sixty per cent. The 
depreciation of these lands is of course attributable to the same causes which 
have similarly affected all the southern States, and the estimated values are but 
nominal, sales being few at any price, except when forced. 
2. In 1860, the lands classed under the head of wild or unimproved lands 
embraced about one-fourth the area of the whole State, the figures of that time 
