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are owing more to bad culture than defects in soil or climate. I never sowed a crop in good 
time, soil, and manner, without getting a good remunerative crop. 
In Fayette, “ probably, the larger portion of the crop is grown on land from 
which a crop of corn has just been taken, though such land is considered the least 
reliable for a good crop; oat stubble, clover land, and land upon which hemp has 
been grown are believed to be the best. The ordinary mode is to break the land 
well with a two-horse plough ; if broken early in the season it lies until sowing 
time, when it is cross-ploughed, sown broadcast and harrowed both ways. If first 
broken near sowing time it is sometimes harrowed before sowing, then ploughed 
in with a one-horse plough and harrowed once. Upon corn stubble it is some- 
times sown upon the land without ploughing, but harrowed both ways with 
heavy harrows ; others, after the sowing, plough and harrow it in, while others 
first use the two-horse plough, then sow and harrow.” In 1866 the average 
yield of wheat in this State was but six and a half bushels per acre. 
6, Blue grass is the almost universal grass of Kentucky, and the “blue grass 
region”’ is too well known as a grazing country to require lengthy notice at our 
hands. This grass is very hardy, and if not grazed after the first of August 
until winter, makes excellent winter pasture; stock doing well upon it, except 
for the short period it may be covered by snow. White clover, crab grass, fox 
tail, &c., are also found, while among the cultivated grasses successfully and 
profitably grown are herds grass, timothy, red top, orchard grass, clover, Hun- 
garian grass, &c. While under favorable circumstances stock may be sustained 
nearly the whole year upon pastures alone, the average pasture season, when 
cattle will do well without other feed, ranges from seven to nine months; sheep 
subsisting longer, and frequently the entire year. The average cost of pasture 
per head is given at from $1 to $2 per month, and for foddering during the 
winter from $2 to $2 50 per month. 
7. Fruit culture has not received much attention in Kentucky, there having 
been no market for the crop, while in some counties our correspondents think 
results have been indifferent and sometimes failures when the experiment has 
been tried. Most of our reporters, however, claim that all fruits suited to the 
latitude, such as apples, peaches, pears, plumbs, quinces, small fruits and berries, 
&c., will do well under proper care and cultivation, and prove highly remunera- 
tive. In some sections the worm and bug lave been very destructive to orchards, 
and discouraged attempts at fruit growing. One correspondent writes: 
All the principal northern fruits grow well here, particularly the apple, peach, plum, &c. 
But little attention has been paid to fruit until within the last few years, but farmers are now 
planting good orchards of choice fruits. 
Hardin county: “ About one-fifth of this county is as good a fruit region as can 
be found in the United States, being suited to apples, peaches, grapes and all varie- 
ties of small fruit; some of our peach orchards bearing fruit that this season com- 
manded $6 to $7 per bushel in the Louisville market. Peaches are planted about 
one rod apart, and yield 14 bushels of No. 1 fruit for the first crop. This fruit 
averages $3 per bushel.” In some of the counties where fruit does not succeed 
well of late years, the failure is attributed to the reduction of the forests and conse- 
. quent removal of the old protection during winter. In Jefferson county “the 
apple, peach, pear, and all small fruits do well, except the plumb and smooth- 
skinned fruits, which are damaged by the curculio, The Catawba grape has failed 
several years, and the Concord is taking its place. There are no farms exclu- 
sively devoted to fruit, but most farmers raise sufficient for family use and a 
surplus to send to market The prices received in Louisville have been remune- 
rative.” Our Fayette correspondent writes : 
Fruit when made a specialty soon enriches its producer if he understands his business and. 
attends to it. A German about 20 years ago purchased 20 acres of land and erected a small 
house. For a few years, until his peach orchard and vineyard came into bearing, he had @ 
