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no lands under this head, except those included in farms and not in the market 
as wild lands. 
3. Wisconsin possesses abundant timber resources, and an immense lumber- 
ing business is carried on in many of the northern and western counties, the 
pineries of Marathon, Chippewa, Clark, Wood, St. Croix, and other counties, 
furnishing many millions of feet of logs and lumber annually. Our Clark cor- 
respondent claims that 100,000,000 feet of pine timber is cut each year in that 
county alone ; while in Monroe, 30,000,000 feet is annually cut into lumber by 
about 20 mills. Hard wood timber also abounds in all parts of the State, and 
there are few counties without sufficient wood for local uses. The lumbering 
business is a source of great profit to those engaged in it, and in Brown county 
parties boast of cutting enough white pine logs from 80 acres to net $1,200 to 
$1,500. 
Of minerals, copper is found in Douglass, Chippewa, Richland, La Fayette, 
Outagamie, and other counties ; iron in Chippewa, Jackson, Richland, Fond du 
Lac, Sauk, &c.; limestone in Richland, Rock, Fond du Lac, Brown; lead and 
zine in Grant, lowa, and La Fayette; marl and peat,in Walworth, Racine, and 
several other localities; marble in Richland, and granite in Fond du Lae. In 
Douglass there are two veins of copper, as far as known, running through the 
county, evidently the same description of rock as is found in the upper peninsula 
of Michigan. There are two mines in operation near Superior. In Outagamie 
not much has been done in developing minerals, but some few specimens of pure 
copper, weighing from one to five pounds, have been found. Our La Fayette 
correspondent writes: 
Our county is rich in minerals. Lead, copper, and zine abound. The great lead mines 
of the State are principally within this county, and their development is constant and highly 
remunerative in most instances. Many individuals engaged in the development of our min- 
eral resources have realized as high as $100,000 in a season. 
Peat has been worked to considerable extent in several counties. In Racine 
efforts have been making the past season to utilize these peat beds for fuel, and 
with success, as in that locality wood is scarce and correspondingly high. About 
500 tons of the former have been manufactured and sold at $5 per ton, wood 
selling at $7 per cord. There is an abundance of peat in the county. 
The agricultural resourees of Wisconsin are too well known to require mention 
here, her rich and generous soil being suited to all the crops of the latitude, and 
yielding abundantly under the generally indifferent culture to which it has been 
subject. 
4, Wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, and hay are the staple crops of Wisconsin, the 
first-named being the most extensively grown and by far the heaviest money 
crop, being made a specialty in a large majority of the counties, though it is not 
grown to the exclusion of other crops in any locality—as in all the northern 
States, a variety of crops being cultivated. In La Crosse, Monroe, Richland, 
Racine, Sauk, and other counties, hops are becoming an important interest, and 
have thus far proved highly remunerative. The almost universal complaint in 
reference to the wheat crop is that the yield is gradually decreasing, and as gen- 
erally attributable to indifferent culture and continuous cropping. Our Wal- 
worth correspondent writes : 
I know of but one marked and general peculiarity in the cultivation of crops in this county, 
and that is the general effort to cheat the soii into producing the greatest possible amount of 
crop for the least possible amount of labor. The exceptions to this rule are increasing in 
number, however, as the necessity becomes more apparent. The average yield per acre for 
the last decade may be safely set down at 14 bushels of wheat; oats, 35; corn, 35; rye, 20; buck- 
wheat, 10; potatoes, 75 bushels. In 1860, wheat averaged over 30 bushels per acre in this 
county. The greatest amount of profit during the term named has been from wheat, and 
from corn, oats, rye, and buckwheat in the order named. Beans and potatoes have not been 
cultivated to any great extent as a market crop, though for the last three years the latter 
crop has paid well, and its cultivation is increasing. 
