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While from Marathon our correspondent writes : 
The only reason why farmers do not raise more winter wheat is because they do not know 
how well our soil and climate are adapted to it. 
Of winter wheat the Mediterranean, Blue-stem, White Wabash, and Winter 
Club are preferred, though the Tappahannock has been received with much 
favor wherever introduced. 
The usual time for sowing spring wheat is from the last week in March to 
the middle or latter part of April; and for winter, the first of September. 
Harvesting commences the first or second week in July with winter wheat, and 
extends to the middle of August with the spring grain. The general mode of 
culture for spring wheat is to plough in the fall, and early in the spring use the 
cultivator, then sow the wheat and harrow until the grain is covered. A few 
farmers roll their wheat soon after sowing, but the custom is dying out as the 
land becomes older. Our correspondent says that the first, second, and some- 
times the third crops on new ground are generally spring wheat; afterwards, 
each alternate year following, oats or corn. Our Columbia reporter says, “The 
mode of culture is usually such as to get in the greatest number of acres with 
the least amount of labor.” 
6. White clover, blue joint, June grass, pony grass, wild prairie, and wild red- 
top are named by our reporters as the principal natural grasses; while timothy, 
red-top, and white and red clover are the chief cultivated grasses. The length 
of time during which stock can feed upon pastures alone is variously returned 
from as low as four months up to eight months—the former in Chippewa and 
Columbia, and the latter in Pearce—the average being under rather than over 
six months. Cost of pasture per head ranges from 25 cents to $2 00 per month ; 
in a number of counties the expense is but trifling, stock generally grazing in 
the woods or upon the prairies. This is the case in Portage, Brown, Clark, 
Chippewa, Douglass, Marathon, Buffalo, Sauk, and other counties. Our Racine 
reporter says : 
Close feeding for two or three years runs the prairie grass out. Indian, or June grass, and 
white clover follow always. On marshes and river bottoms we have three prominent 
varieties, viz: blue joint, wild red-top, and a long broad bladed grass. All make good hay. 
7. Wisconsin cannot be considered a fruit-producing State, and a majority of 
our correspondents report but indifferent success in attempted culture of general 
varieties. In a number of counties, however, where judgment has been exer- 
cised in the selection of varieties, and care taken of the orchards, fruit-growing 
has proved not only practicable but profitable. From Ozaukee, on the western 
shore of Lake Michigan, our correspondent writes: 
The apple crop does well; pears middling, being subject to blight ; plums are often winte* 
killed, and peaches are out of the question. From an experience of over 25 years in frui 
raising I can recommend the following varieties of apples for cultivation: Golden Russet? 
Fameuse, Red Astrachan, Dominie, Northern Spy, (bears late, but does first-rate, ) Pomme 
Grise, Seek-no-further, Rhode Island Greening, St. Lawrence. I lately ordered an assort- 
ment of the foregoing for a new orchard of 400 trees. Of pears I cannot recommend any 
but Flemish Beauty, Sheldon, Dearborn’s Seedling, Beurre d’Amanlis, and possibly Belle Lu 
crative, as standard trees, whi'e the Louise Bon de Jersey and White Doyenne do very well 
on quince stocks as dwarfs. If any one wishes to cultivate plums. the Golden Drop, Wash- 
ington and green gage do better than any other kind, if you can keep the curculio out. 
Apples have never failed me entirely, and I have every year at least a few pears and plums. 
Apples sell here at an average of $1 to $1 50 per bushel, and pears from $3 to $6. 
Hardy apples do well in Washington, and trees 15 years old yield from 16 to 24 
bushels of apples, worth $1 per bushel on an average. In Fond du Lac, our 
correspondent says, “the capabilities for raising fruit are not the best. Apples 
are best adapted*to the climate, but none except the golden russet, salmon sweet, 
Dutchess de Oldenburgh, and snow apple have as yet proved hardy. Yield for 
our older orchards about 100 bushels per acre ; profits 100 per cent.” An apple 
orchard at Burlington, Racine county, of 250 trees in bearing, produced the past 
