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In Osage some plough and sow and harrow in, some sow and plough in, and 
others plough and drill in—rolling generally following. In Woodson “the 
mode of culture is careless, slovenly ploughing, and equally slovenly dragging 
over with an A harrow. Drilling is being rapidly adopted in this county, and 
is believed to pay 30 per cent.in the yield.” In Linn the most approved 
method is to put in seed with cultivator, or drill upon the previous year’s eorn 
ground, ploughed in July, though the greater portion is covered with harrow. 
Our Wyandotte correspondent writes as follows : 
We do not as yet pay that attention which we ought to improved farming, yet the yield 
will average 30 bushels per acre, and the wheat is inferior to none grown in the United 
States, being of the grade of which the best St. Louis flour is made. 
6. In most of the counties the cost of pasturing stock does not exeeed the 
cost of salt and herdsmen, cattle generally subsisting upon the wild grasses of 
the prairie from 7 to 10 months, and in some localities little feeding is necessary 
during the whole year; but where foddered during the winter the estimated 
cost ranges from $3 to $8 only per head. A correspondent writes: 
There are no fields kept exclusively for pasture. The nutritious properties of the prairie 
grasses are manifest in the fall season by our stock cattle being as fat as eastern stall-fed 
cattle. The cost per head in the summer months is a mere trifle, as cattle herd together and 
need but occasional salting. In winter we feed prairie hay, Hungarian grass, and fodder, 
at a cost not exceeding $5 per head, and hundreds are wintered through on much less. 
In Allen county thousands of horses and cattle live on the prairies the year 
round without feed. Our Butler reporter says: 
Our prairie grass is of much better quality than that of Illinois or Iowa; our cattle deal- 
ers say there is more fat init. I have been in the county ten years, and never fed three 
months any winter until the last, when we had to feed until April. Cattle and horses do well 
on the prairie nine months of the year; the range is unlimited and free, the only expense 
being for salt and herding. Salt is worth $6 per barrel; one good hand will herd 300 head ; 
wages, $25 per month; board; $12, use of horse, $15; so that herding 300 head costs from 
$50 to $60 per month. 
Buffalo grass, swail grass, red top, Gramma, blue-stem and wild rye abound, 
the latter furnishing valuable winter range in the timbered lands. The Gramma 
is regarded one of the best fall and winter grasses for stock. Kentucky blue 
grass, timothy, clover, and Hungarian grass are cultivated with success, though 
not very extensively as yet, owing to the abundance of natural grasses. Our 
Leavenworth correspondent says : 
_ Blue grass lasts all the year round, when snow is not on the ground. Pastures permitted 
to grow unmolested during the summer yield fine feed in midwinter, and in early spring 
turn green, and are of surpassing quality in March and April. When the wild pasture is 
good it is as good as timothy, though timothy. hay brings $10 when prairie is $8 per ton. 
7. Our reporters in all sections of the State speak favorably and confidently of 
the capabilities of Kansas in fruit production, though in many counties the 
orchards are too young to return profits as yet, but are rapidly coming into 
bearing. All the fruits suited to the latitude are successfully grown. <A few 
extracts from the letters of our reporters will exhibit the capabilities and pros- 
pects of the State in this regard. Our Leavenworth correspondent writes as 
follows : 
The cultivation of fruit is very general, though yet in its infancy. Every variety of 
fruit suited to the latitude has been produced, and of most excellent quality, exceeding in 
size, beauty, and perfection those grown in New York and New Jersey. Of apples, I have 
raised on my grounds the finest specimens of fall pippin, rambo, tulpehocken, lady apple, 
Vandevere pippin, northern spy, Newark pippin, jannetting, summer, fall and winter pear- 
mains, &c., &c., and the yield has been good, and the trees healthy. I have marketed the 
peaches on two acres of ground at $493 in a single season. Cherries are subject to summer 
blight, and, except the Kentish red of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, unworthy of further 
trial. The old Morello cherry is healthy here, but poor in quality. Grapes are a success, 
and from my limited experience exceedingly profitable, the fruit selling at from 10 to 30 
cents per pound. Pears, dwarf especially, are raised of great beauty and flavor. Straw- 
berries and Lawton blackberries also grow to perfection. 
