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universal prevalence of the lung plague, wherever cattle were being driven to 
provide the many armies then stirring, led to its distinet and satisfactory de- 
scriptions. Early in the present century it ravaged France, Belgium, Hanover, 
and Holland. England, isolated by the ocean, and the extreme north of Ku- 
rope, alone remained free. 
With peace came the development of new industries, and the most import- 
ant in relation to the history of pleuro-pneumonia was the establishment in Ger- 
many, Belgium, and Holland of distilleries, starch and sugar manufactories, &c., 
the refuse of which it was found profitable to feed to stock. This led to great 
activity and important modifications in the cattle trade, all favorable to inter- 
course between different countries and the dissemination of contagious disease. 
Holland had long imported fat and milch stock from the Rhine provinces and 
other countries to the east. The malady was for six years in Belgium before it 
entered Holland. In 1835 it was transmitted from Gelderland to Utrecht. It 
. reached South Holland immediately afterwards, and prevailed especially near 
the great cattle markets of Rotterdam and Scheidam. It then appeared when- 
ever and wherever infected cattle were introduced into South Holland, the island 
of Zeeland, Drenthe, Groningen, and Overyssel. 
By this time—1840-41 and 1842—cireumstances favored an agitation for the 
repeal of restrictions on free trade in cattle with England. The barriers to con- 
tagious disease fixed by our forefathers after the appearance of rinderpest in 
England were at last removed by Sir Robert Peel, and this caused the cattle . 
traffic to grow apace from Central Europe through Holland to England. The 
great cattle-feeding province of the Netherlands, Friesland, was alone infected 
with the lung disease when its people eagerly sought to supply British wants, 
and from that day to this has been constantly the seat of the malady. 
Dutch stock first introduced the lung plague into the south of Ireland. _ It ap- 
peared in 1842, in London. In 1843 English cattle communicated the disease 
to Scotland, and ever since, with the exception of a period of cattle trade re- 
etrictions enforced for the prevention of the Russian murrain, has been the most 
widespread, as it has been, taking the entire period of its ravages into consider- 
ation, the most destructive of all maladies attacking British cattle. . 
From Holland the disease travelled to the Cape of Good Hope, and from 
England at various periods it was communicated to Sweden, Oldenburgh, the 
Australian colonies, and other parts of the world. 
History of the Lung Plague in America.—The first notice of the lung plague 
in the United States dates back to 1843, when a German cow, imported direct 
from Europe, and taken from shipboard into a Brooklyn eattle shed, communi- 
cated the disease. which, it is said and believed, has prevailed more or less in 
Kings county, Long Island, ever since. 
In 1847 Mr. Thomas Richardson, of New Jersey, imported some English 
stock. Signs of disease were noticed soon, and the whole of Mr. Richardson’s 
stock, valued at $10,000, were slaughtered by him to prevent an extension of 
the plague. 
In 1850 a fresh supply of the lung-plague poison reached Brooklyn from 
England in the system of an imported cow. 
Mr. W. W. Chenery, of. Belmont, Massachusetts, has related the history of 
the introduction of lung plague from Holland into Massachusetts in 1859. Four 
cows were purchased for him at Purmerend and Beemster, shipped at Rotterdam 
early in April on board the barque J. C. Humphreys, which arrived in America 
on the 23d of May, 1859. ‘T'wo of the cows were driven to Belmont ; the other 
two had to be transported on wagons, owing to their “‘ extremely bad condition,” 
one of them “not having been on her feet during the twenty days preceding 
her arrival.” On the 31st of May, it being deemed impossible that this cow 
could recover, she was slaughtered, and on the 2d of June following the 
second cow died. The third cow sickened on the 20th of June, and died in 10 
