I/O KERGUELEN S LAND. 



same as that at Marion Island, but nesting scattered amongst 

 these is another kind of penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus, the 

 Macaroni of sealers. 



This bird has a most beautiful golden crest, showing con- 

 spicuously on the middle of the upper part of the head, com- 

 mencing just behind the beak, and with a plume on each 

 side as in the bi-crested species. The bird is larger than the 

 " Rock-hoppers," and is further distinguished from them by 

 the presence of a naked, somewhat tumid space, at the base 

 of the beak, which is of a light pink colour. In other colour- 

 ing the bird resembles the Rock-hoppers. This penguin occurs 

 at the Falkland Islands, where it nests as at Kerguelen's Land, 

 in small quantities amongst the Rock-hoppers.* 



The birds, however, only thus nest amongst the other pen- 

 guins where they are few in number : towards the head of the 

 harbour, and under the natural arch, they have enormous 

 rookeries of their own, where, singularly enough, a few of the 

 Rock-hoppers nest as guests among ihem ; they have large 

 rookeries also in Heard Island, where their eggs are gathered 

 in large quantities by the sealers for eating. The sheath-bills 

 are as abundant here as at Marion Island, but they are larger 

 and heavier than are the birds of that island, and seem to form 

 a sub-species. They will be again referred to. 



During our stay at Kerguelen's Land, we put into several 

 harbours on the coast. At Aldrich Sound I found a cave in the 

 sea-cliff fronting Ship's Channel and under Mount Bromley. 

 It had been formed by the excavation by the waves of the 

 volcanic rock, which had been altered, and rendered more 

 yielding at this spot by the intrusion of a dyke which had 

 destroyed the tenacity of the rock by its heat. The dyke, which 

 was a narrow one, and almost vertical in direction, was inclined 

 a little, at one part of its course, so as to form the roof of the 

 cave on one side. 



The cave was long and tunnel-like. The " Rock-hopper "' 

 penguins breed in it. I went into it about forty yards until it 

 was quite dark ; the penguins retreated still before me. I had 

 no means of getting a light to explore further. The small pen- 

 guin of New Zealand {Sphenisais minor) has been observed 

 breeding in like manner in the inner chamber of a dark cave,t 

 and this mode of nesting is in keeping with the usual habit of 

 this species and others of breeding in deep burrows, which are 

 of course quite dark. 



About Betsy Cove and Royal Sound, to the southward the 

 valleys are broader, and there is more open flat land than there 



* "Proc. Zool. Soc, 1865," p. 527. 



t "Trans. N. Zealand Inst,," Vol. II., 1S68, p. 75. 



