(hap. viii,] EVIDENCES OF GLACIATION. 171 



is around Christmas Harbour, and there are thus here large 

 expanses covered with vegetation. 



At Betsy Cove we stayed about ten days surveying the sur- 

 rounding district. The Cove is also called Pot Harbour, from 

 there being an old broken iron pot on the beach, a whaler's 

 try pot, used for boiling down blubber. As we came into the 

 harbour and anchored, though not more than a quarter of a 

 mile from the beach, from some peculiar condition of the 

 atmosphere the pot looked of immense size, even when viewed 

 with a glass, and two King Penguins {Aptenodytes longirostris), 

 standing beside it, looked like men in white and black clothes. 

 I went on shore with a boat at once at the desire of Sir Wyville 

 Thomson, to get the penguins, for we thought they must be 

 stray specimens of the huge antarctic penguin Aptciiodytes 

 Fasten. I cannot understand how the delusion came about, it 

 was certainly complete. The pot has been for forty years on 

 the beach. 



There are two skulls of the southern Whalebone whale 

 {^EubaliEua Australis, Gray) lying here in the surf : such skulls 

 are common all along the coast, remaining with other bones 

 where whales have been towed on shore to be boiled down. 



At Three Island Harbour in Royal Sound, there is a long 

 row of them on the shore. 



The neighbourhood of Betsy Cove is very interesting from a 

 geological point of view, for it is here that the glaciation of the 

 surface is most marked, and the glaciated surfaces most easy of 

 access. Close to the harbour, on the north, are a series oiroches 

 moutonn'ees, but the best examples are on the road from Betsy 

 Cove to the head of a fjord adjoining, called Cascade Reach, 

 because there is a waterfall on a stream which falls into its 

 upper extremity. 



Betsy Cove and Cascade Reach are both indentations in a 

 larger bay called Accessible Bay, which lies at the end of a wide 

 valley stretching far inland, and bounded on either hand by 

 long elevated ridges. In this broad valley, the bottom of which 

 forms one of the flat expanses already referred to, project up a 

 number of flat-topped rocky hills, with smooth ground upper 

 surfaces bounded all round by vertical cliffs ; some of the most 

 characteristic of these hills are to be met with on the way up 

 the south side of Cascade Reach from Betsy Cove. 



The tops of these hills show everywhere rounded surfaces, 

 most obviously ground smooth by ice action, but the rock is 

 not sufficiently hard to retain striation marks, and since the 

 whole surface of the land has evidently undergone immense 

 denudation subsequently to its glaciation, these are nowhere to 

 be made out, and moraines have also disappeared. 



