308 CAPE YORK. 



sucked the bamboo full of smoke from the large hole at the 

 end instead of blowing. 



It is remarkable that the Southern Papuans should have 

 invented this peculiar method of smoking for themselves, since 

 there can be little doubt that they derived the idea of smoking 

 from the Malays, probably through the Northern and Western 

 Papuans. There seems no doubt that the habit of smoking, 

 as well as the tol)acco plant, were first introduced into Java by 

 the Portuguese,* and the habit and plant no doubt spread 

 thence to New Guinea. The Papuans at Humboldt Bay 

 smoke their tobacco in the form of cigarettes. 



No other property than that mentioned was to be seen 

 about the camp of the Gudangs, but on our asking for them, 

 Longvvay produced some small spears and a throwing stick, 

 which were hidden in the bush close by ; and a second lot of 

 spears was produced afterwards from a similar hiding-place. 

 The Blacks keep what property they have thus hidden away, 

 just as a dog hides his l:)one, and not in the camp ; hence it is 

 impossible to find out what they really have. I saw no knife 

 or tomahawk. No doubt the practice of thus hiding things 

 away from the camp has arisen from constant fear of surprise 

 from hostile tribes. 



The Blacks feed on shell fish and on snails (a very large 

 Helix), and on snakes and grubs and such things, which are 

 nunted for by the women, who go out into the woods in a 

 gang every day for the purpose of collecting food, and also dig 

 wild yam roots with a pointed stick hardened in the fire. They 

 have not got the perforated stone to weight their digging-stick, 

 and are thus behind the Bushmen of the Cape in this matter. 

 A staple article of food with these Blacks is afforded by the 

 large seeds of a Climbing Bean {Entada scandens), and their 

 only stone implements are a round flat-topped stone and 

 another long conical one, suitable to be grasped in the hands. 

 This is used as a pestle with which to pound these beans on 

 the flat stone. Both stones are merely selected, and not shaped 

 in any way. 



These Blacks seem never to have had any stone tomahawks, 

 and their spear-heads are of bone. They seem not to hunt 

 the Wallabies or climb after the Opossums, as do the more 

 southern Blacks, but to live almost entirely on creeping things 

 and roots, and on fish, which they spear with four-pronged 

 spears. Staff-Surgeon Crosbie of the " Challenger " saw Long- 

 way and his boy smashing up logs of drift-wood and pulling 

 out Teredos and eating them one by one as they reached them. 



I tested Longway and also several of the Blacks together at 



* A. de CandoUe, " Geographic Botanique," T. II., p. 850. 



