CHAPTER. XVI. 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



Zamboanga, Mindanao Island. Paddy Fields and Buffaloes. The Lutaos 

 and their Pile-Dwellings. Pile-Dwellings on Dry Land. The Ground 

 Floor, a Late Addition to the First .Story. Wide Distribution of 

 Pile-Dwellings. Their Possible Origin. Dances Performed by the 

 Lutaos. Bamboo Jew's Harp. Lutao Canoe and Weapons. Search 

 for Birgus Latro. Birds" Eggs hatched in the Sea Sand. Alcyonarian 

 Corals. Basilan Island. Cart-wheels cut from Living Planks. 

 Galeopithecus and Flying Lizard. Cebu Island. Mode of Dredging 

 up Euplectella. Mactan Island, Raised Reef. Large Cerianthus. 

 Trachytic Volcano at Camiguin Island. Temperature at which 

 Plants can Grow in Hot Mineral Water. Manila-Hemp Planta- 

 tions. Manila. Shirt Worn over Trousers. Clothes Originallj^ 

 Ornamental onlj'. Half-hatched Ducks' Eggs Eaten. Cock Fighting. 

 Sale of Indulgences. 



Philippine Islands, October 24th to November 12th, 1874, 

 January Uth to February 5th, 1875. — The ship arrived on 

 October 24th, 1874, at the town of Zamboanga, which lies at 

 the extremity of a long promontory projecting from the west 

 side of the large island of Mindanao, the southernmost of the 

 Philippine group. A small area at the tip of this promontory 

 belongs to Spain ; a wide tract behind it belonging to Portugal ; 

 whilst the entire island of Mindanao is about half of it Portu- 

 guese, and half Spanish. The ship paid ^^ second visit to 

 Zamboanga on the return journey southwards, from January 

 29th to February 5th, 1875. 



On landing at Zamboanga I was immediately reminded that 

 we were nearing India, and scenes in Ceylon were recalled at 

 once to my memory. Swampy paddy fields stretched every- 

 where round the town with plenty of snipe in them, and the 

 domestic buffaloes lay about wallowing in mud pools and 

 throwing water over their backs with their scoop-like ears. In 

 one pool several native women were bathing in company with 

 the buffaloes. 



Especially interesting in the Philippines are the various 

 stages in development and modification of pile-dwellings. All 

 the native buildings are pile-dwellings or modifications of them, 



