424 



JAPAN. 



or so high, are l)urnt at the funeral service in small furnaces 

 provided for the purpose in the temples, together with cart- 

 loads of similar pasteboard gifts, which are thus sent by the 

 survivors for the use of the dead in the next world. Earthen- 

 ware figures were similarly buried with great men in old times 

 in Japan. 



The pasteboard heads of these funeral servants and retainers 

 are painted with streaks, some of which are put on in almost 

 exactly the same style at the angles of the eyes as those of 



FACE OF JAPANESE ACTOR. 



(To show the mode of" painting: the face. From a Japanese Theatrical 

 Picture-book.) 



modern Japanese actors. It seems a fair conjecture that the 

 streaks on these heads are a direct survival of an actual former 

 savage form of painting, which was once in vogue in China, 

 probably used to make fighting-men hideous. 



It is well known that primitive customs survive in connection 

 with funerals all over the world with extreme tenacity. The 

 numerous interesting survivals existing in the case of English 

 funerals are familiar. 



The accompanying figure of a Japanese actor's painted face 

 is copied from a Japanese theatrical picture-book. The head 



