412 Harris Hawthorne Wilder, 



ossified part of the ilium and from the cartilage about its base, 

 and is consequently shorter than are the other two portions. Beyond 

 the ilium all the parts blend into an inseparable raass, but the fibers 

 open up again in such a way that the final insertion into the shaft 

 of the femur is along two oblique lines that converge distally 

 towards the tibial side. In Fig. 13 the raore ventral of these in- 

 sertions is shown by itself. but in Fig. 14 and 17 the remainder 

 is also yisible. Viewed from without, in a specimen in which the 

 puboischiadic plate remains in situ, the muscle, after the removal 

 of the iliac muscles as directed above, appears as in Fig. 15. 



Although in Nedurus the three parts are inseparably blended 

 as here described, and form a Single muscle, it is quite likely that 

 the iliofemoralis, described as a separate muscle in certain urodeles 

 (Salamandra, Siredon) is the homolog of the lateral portion, the part 

 that arises from the outer side of ilium. 



4. Lateral aspect of girdle and limb. 



M. iliotibialis (it). This muscle appears on the outer aspect of 

 the thigh as the most anterior of the iliac muscles, overlapping 

 posteriorly M. puboischiofemoralis internus. It arises by a bündle 

 of fibers from the base of the ilium, just within the lateral edge of 

 the puboischiadic plate, over which it curves to attain the outer 

 side of the leg. It inserts by a narrow tendon into the proximal 

 epiphysis of the tibia on its outer (extensor) aspect. This muscle 

 is here distinct from the next, but in certain other urodeles appears 

 to be fused with it, since Hoffmann treats the two names as 

 synonomous. 



M. ilioextensorius (ie). This muscle is the next posterior to the 

 last and runs parallel to it. It arises by a narrow tendon, in 

 common with that of M. iliofibularis, from the base of the ilium at 

 the anterior boundary between the outer and inner aspects. The 

 tendon of origin runs for some distance along the posterior margin of 

 the muscle, and gives rise to the fibers that constitute its belly along 

 the greater part of its length. The belly, which is in the form of 

 a flattened band, becomes continued, immediately below the knee, 

 into a broad aponeurosis, which spreads out over the Joint and, in 

 the form of a fascia, invests the muscles of the lower leg. Upon 

 the tibial side of this aponeurosis there arises a small but firm 

 tendon, which in some individuals assumes a considerable size and 

 may thus be considered the direct tendon of insertion of the muscle. 



