5) 
emarginata, and the squid, Loligo pealei, that are not found elsewhere (except 
as immigrants in the case of the latter species) on the Canadian coast. Among 
the fishes there are several that appear to be endemic only on the Nova Scotian 
side of the bay. Only in St. Mary bay isthe cunner (7 autogolabrus) to be found 
in abundance and of all sizes. The occurrence of young pipefish (Syngnathus) 
in the Annapolis river affords ground for presuming that that species is a regular 
resident of the Annapolis basin at least. The butterfish (Poronotus) and the 
sand flounder (Lophopsetta) seem to be permanent inhabitants of the basins 
on the Nova Scotian side of the bay, and doubtless breed successfully there, 
as both small and large individuals are found. 
In the Bay of Fundy proper, that is, the main portion exclusive of the 
tributary waters, the fish fauna shows on the whole what would be expected 
from its long funnel shape, namely, a change from open salt water forms at 
its mouth to brackish water forms at its head. The outer deep water basin 
with a depth of more than fifty fathoms ends at the level of the mouth of the 
St. John river, and the large catches of the important bottom-feeding salt water 
fishes, namely the cod, haddock and hake (Urophycis), are restricted to the 
shoal water bordering this deep basin, the catches decreasing rather abruptly 
above this basin. All three species are caught, nevertheless, quite to the head 
of the bay. On the other hand, the halibut that enter the bay exhibit a different 
distribution. A moderate number reach Grand Manan, but with this exception 
they are virtually absent from the New Brunswick shore. On the Nova Scotian 
side they are taken from the mouth of the bay to Minas channel, although 
above Digby the quantity taken is small. 
Of the fishes that feed in midwater or near the surface, the pollock and 
herring are the only ones occurring in large quantities. They are taken principally 
in the tide rips of the Western Archipelago and of the mouth of St. Mary bay. 
Moderate quantities are to be obtained quite to the head of the bay. The 
swordfish scarcely enters the bay. The tuna is an uncertain immigrant oc- 
curring most frequently on the Nova Scotian side, and only rarely on the New 
Brunswick shore. The mackerel enters the bay fairly regularly but is almost 
wholly confined to the Nova Scotian coast and is of quite uncertain local oc- 
currence even there. As compared with the mouth of the bay or the exposed 
coast it is usually taken in as great or even greater abundance far up the bay 
or inside the basins. The grayfish (Squalus) has a somewhat similar distribution, 
but invades the waters of the New Brunswick coast more regularly than does 
the mackerel. 
Of the fishes spawning in fresh water only two, namely the salmon and 
the shad, enter the Bay of Fundy proper to any extent. The bass, alewife, 
smelt and tomcod scarcely pass out of the estuaries. The shad and the salmon 
migrate out into the salt water of the bay, the latter going considerably farther 
than the former. Their distribution in the bay is in relation to the rivers from 
which they come. On the New Brunswick side the chief river is the St. John. 
From its mouth the salmon and shad are distributed along the coast for some 
distance to the southwest, but it is the exception for many even of the salmon 
to be taken beyond Point Lepreau. They are, practically speaking, absent 
53 
