BY OROGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS 131 



SESSIONAL PAPER No. 38a 



in station II and is represented in station III also, at a somewhat deeper point. This 

 is evidently the effect of some current and its occurrence both in the Grand Manan 

 Channel (station I) and at the two neighbouring stations in the open Bay would 

 seem to suggest that it is tidal. It is to be regretted that there was not an opportunity 

 tc make further observations with a view to elucidating this matter. 



It may be noted that in 1914 a similar, though smaller rise in temperature occurred 

 at a depth of 60 fathoms at station II with the tide two-thirds flood, while in the present 

 case it was one-half flood at the same station. At station I, where the irregularity is 

 most marked, the tide was flood, while at the same station in 1914 no such irregularity 

 was found with the tide one-third flood. Thus from the present limited data there is no 

 indication that this condition occurs regularly at any particular state of the tide. A 

 similar rise is to be seen at a depth of 20 fathoms at station IX (fig. 9). 



B. Profiles. 



The profile for the section from East Quoddy Head to Petit Passage (fig. 16) 

 shows no marked disagreement with that obtained in 1914. The cold water along the 

 slope from Grand j\tanan found in 1914 does not appear in the new section. As before, 

 the temperatures tend to be a little higher on the Nova Scotia side of the bay than on 

 the New Brunswick side.^ The irregularities showing in the graphs, which were dis- 

 cussed in the previous section are not represented in the profile. 



The water below 6°C. occupying most of this profile does not appear in that of the 

 St. John to Digby section (fig. 17), and a similar position but less space is occupied 

 by the water between 6.38° and 7°. The tendency of the water towards the Nova Scotia 

 side to be warmer does not appear in this section. 



The profile from Quaco Head to Port Lome (fig 18), shows that the water below 7° 

 has disappeared, and its place, though much less space, is taken by water between 7.9° 

 and 8°. From these three profiles it is easy to picture each successive layer of cold 

 water running up the bay and gradually diminishing in extent until it finally dis- 

 appears, its place being taken by the next layer. Of course, these remarks are not to 

 be taken as meaning that the water is believed to be actually divided into distinct layers 

 behaving thus. 



The longitudinal section from Cape Chignecto to station III (fig. 19) shows that 

 the layers do not simply taper and fade away, but end rather suddenly, clearly sug- 

 gesting that the water fiows up the bay and the lower layers are continually retarded 

 by friction with the bottom, though this appearance is probably due to tidal action. 

 A peculiar condition appears between stations VII, X, and XII. The presence of 

 warmer water at station VII might be attributed to warm water coming in from the 

 Atlantic surface, passing along the south shore, and turning north about this region 

 (see fig. 20), but the source of the cold water at station X is not so clear. It seems 

 possible that as the warm surface water is turned north across the bay (fig. 20) the cold 

 water below goes on up the bay and so comes to the surface. It is most unfortunate 

 that there was not time to make a complete transverse section through station X. 

 Presumably the condition will be due to tidal action, but just how it is produced is not 

 evident in the present state of our knowledge. 



1 1 am informed by Dr. A. G. Huntsman that observations taken during the summer of 1916, 

 nearer tlie sliore on each side, showed this much more markedly, so that the isotherms should 

 really dip quite rapidly near the coast in this profile. His observations appear to indicate a 

 current entering at the mouth of the bay and passing up the Nova Scotia side, producing a 

 corresponding current in an outward direction on the New Brunswick side. A somewhat similar 

 condition, with peculiar tidal changes, was demonstrated in the St. Croix River by Craigie in 

 1914. (Craigie, E. Home. " Hydrographic Investigations in the St. Croix River and Passama- 

 quoddy Bay in 1914." Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1914-1915.) 



