REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 29 



proved to have been used both for domicile and for burial purposes. 

 In the mound were found a large number of smoking pipes and a 

 great amount of broken pottery. In New Mexico, also in cooperation 

 with the ]\Iuseum of the American Indian, plans were made for 

 excavating the historic pueblo of Hawikuh in the Zuiii Valley south- 

 west of Zuili pueblo. Among the most interesting field operations 

 during the year were those by Dr. Fewkes in the Mesa Verde 

 National Park, Colo., where he unearthed a type of structure archi- 

 tecturally dijEferent from an}^ hitherto found in the Southwest. The 

 excavation was carried on under the joint auspices of the bureau 

 and the Department of the Interior, and the building, which Dr. 

 Fewkes has named the Sun Temple, is described in a pamphlet 

 published by that department. The Sun Temple is a large D-shaped 

 structure, the longest wall of which measures 131 feet 7 inches. The 

 walls are 2 to 5 feet in thickness and show structural qualities that 

 compare favorably with any building of this type north of Mexico. 

 Dr. Fewkes is of the opinion that though the building was used j)ri- 

 marily as a place of worship, it was intended also for a place of 

 refuge in case of attack. 



In the Northwest, investigations were continued by Dr. Frach- 

 tenberg on the languages, history, and traditions of tlie various 

 Indian tribes of Oregon and Washington. In connection with this 

 work it is interesting to note that in revising some manuscript mate- 

 rial Dr. Frachtenberg secured the assistance of the last surviving 

 member of the Atfalati tribe of the Kalapuya Indians. 



A number of special researches have been in progress during the 

 year, among them research work by Dr. Franz Boas in connection 

 with the completion of part 2 of the Handbook of American Indian 

 Languages. Through the liberality of Mr. Homer E. Sargent, of 

 Chicago, work has been well advanced on an extended study of the 

 Salish dialects, as well as on a study of Salish basketry, which it is 

 intended to describe in an illustrated memoir. Part 1 of the Hand- 

 book of American Antiquities by Prof. W. H. Holmes was in type 

 at the close of the year, and the preparation of part 2 was well under 

 way. 



The study of Indian music by Miss Frances Densmore, which has 

 attracted considerable attention among musicians, has been continued 

 during the year, chiefly among the Mandan and Hidatsa Indians in 

 North Dakota. A number of ceremonial and war songs were re- 

 corded phonographically and a new phase of the work was under- 

 taken, consisting of testing the pitch discrimination of the Indians 

 by means of tuning forks. There was in press at the close of the year 

 a bulletin by Miss Densmore entitled " Teton Sioux music." 



