OKIGINS OF CIVILIZATION IN EUKOPE EVANS, 433 



It is true that new elements came in from more than one direction. 

 On the old Aurignacian area, which had a trans-Mediterranean ex- 

 tension from Syria to Morocco, there intruded on the European 

 side — apparently from the east — the Solutrean type of culture, with 

 its perfected flint-worldng and exquisite laurel-leaf points. Mag- 

 dalenian man, on the other hand, great as the proficiency that he at- 

 tained in the carving of horn and bone, was much behind in his 

 flint-lmapping. That there were dislocations and temporary set- 

 backs is evident. But on every side we still note transitions and 

 reminiscences. When, moreover, we turn to the most striking fea- 

 tures of this whole cultural phase, the primeval arts of sculpture, en- 

 graving, and painting, we see a gradual upgrowth and unbroken 

 tradition. From mere outline figures and simple two-legged profiles 

 of animals we are led on step by step to the full freedom of the 

 Magdalenian artists. From isolated or disconnected subjects we 

 watch the advance to large compositions, such as the hunting scenes 

 of the Spanish rock paintings. In the culminating phase of this art 

 we even find impressionist works. A brilliant illustration of such is 

 seen in the galloping herds of horses, lightly sketched by the en- 

 graver on the stone slab from the Chaumont Grotto, depicting the 

 leader in each case in front of his troop, and its serried line — straight 

 as that of a well-drilled battalion — in perspective rendering. The 

 whole must be taken to be a faithful memory sketch of an exciting 

 episode of prairie life. 



The other characteristic feature of the culture of the Eeindeer age 

 that seems to deserve special emphasis, and is almost the corollary 

 of the foregoing, is that it can not be regarded as the property of 

 a single race. It is true that the finely built Cro-Magnon race seems 

 to have predominated, and must be regarded as an element of con- 

 tinuity throughout, but the evidences of the coexistence of other 

 human types is clear. Of the physical characteristics of these it is 

 not my province to speak. Here it Avill be sufficient to point out that 

 their interments, as well as their general associations, conclusively 

 show that they shared, even m its details, the common culture of the 

 age, followed the same fashions, plied the same arts, and were im- 

 bued with the same beliefs as the Cro-Magnon folk. The negroid 

 skeletons intercalated in the interesting succession of hearths and in- 

 terments of the Grotte des Enfants at Grimaldi had been buried with 

 the same rites, decked with the same shell ornaments, and were sup- 

 plied with the same red coloring matter for use in the spirit world, 

 as we find in the other sepultures of these caves belonging to the 

 Cro-Magnon race. Similar burial rites were associated in this coun- 

 try with the " Red Lady of Paviland," the contemporary Aurig- 

 nacian date of which is now well established. A like identity of 



