436 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1916. 



It is worth noting that an art affiliated to that of the petroglyphs 

 of the old Altaic region long survived in the figures of the Lapp troll- 

 drums and still occasionally lingers, as I have myself had occasion to 

 observe, on the reindeer-horn spoons of the Finnish and Russian 

 Lapps, whose ethnic relationship, moreover, points east of the Urals. 

 The existence of a late Paleolithic province on the Russian side is in 

 any case now well recognized and itself supports the idea of a later 

 shifting north and northeast, just as at a former period it had oscil- 

 lated in a southwestern direction. All this must b© regarded as cor- 

 roborating the view long ago expressed by Boyd Dawkins^ that some 

 part of the old cave race may still, be represented by the modern 

 Eskimos. Testut's comparison of the short-statured Magdalenian 

 skeleton from the rock shelter of Chancelade in the Dordogne with 

 that of an Eskimo certainly confirms this conclusion. 



On the other hand, the evidence, already referred to, of an exten- 

 sion of the late Paleolithic culture to a North xlfrican zone, includ- 

 ing rock sculptures depicting a series of animals extinct there in the 

 later age, may be taken to favor the idea of a partial continuation on 

 that side. Some of the early rock sculptures in the south of the con- 

 tinent, such as the figure of a wallring elephant reproduced by Dr. 

 Peringuey, afford the clearest existing parallels to the best Magda- 

 lenian examples. There is much, indeed, to be said for the vieAV of 

 which Sollas is an exponent that the bushmen, who at a more recent 

 date entered that region from the north, and whose rock painting 

 attained such a high level of naturalistic art, may themselves be 

 taken as later representatives of the same tradition. In their human 

 figures the resemblances descend even to conventional details, such 

 as we meet with at Cogul and Alpera. 



Once more, we must never lose sight of the fact that from the 

 early Aurignacian period onward a negroid element in the broadest 

 sense of the word shared in this artistic culture as seen on both sides 

 of the Pyrenees. 



At least we now know that cave man did not suffer any sudden ex- 

 tinction, though on the European side, partl}^, perhaps, owing to the 

 new climatic conditions, this culture underwent a marked degenera- 

 tion. It may well be that, as the osteological evidence seems to imply, 

 some outgrowth of the old Cro-Magnon type actually perpetuated 

 itself in the Dordogne. We have certainly lengthened our knowledge 

 of the Paleolithic. But in the present state of the evidence it seems 

 better to subscribe to Cartailhac's view that its junction with the 

 Neolithic has not yet been reached. There does not seem to be any 

 real continuity between the culture revealed at Maglemose and that 



1 " Early Man in Britain," 1880, p. 233 et seq. 



