478 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1916. 



with new masonry to the inner side of the west wall. This was done 

 with adobe and will be effective for a few years only. The tops of 

 all walls ought to be covered with Portland cement. 



In order to show the extent of the repair work on the tops of the 

 walls the added courses were set a little back of the original wall, 

 a method adopted from European archeologists. 



Opinions may differ as to the amount of new masonry allowable 

 in the repair of our ancient ruins, but the fact still remains that 

 unless the walls are protected they will fall in a few years into 

 piles of stone. To prove that statement one need only inspect exca- 

 vations where no repair work has been done. 



The amount of the appropriation was so small that it was not 

 possible to treat all the walls in the same manner, much to the 

 writer's regret. 



CEMETERIES. 



Although no excavations were attempted for the sole purpose of 

 finding human bones,'^ an almost complete skeleton of an adult was 

 excavated from kiva B, about 6 feet below the surface. This skele- 

 ton was without pottery and showed no evidences of having been pre- 

 viously buried with pious care, the distribution of the bones suggest- 

 ing a secondary hurried interment, possibly some time after the 

 pueblo was deserted. Skeletons were not found under the floors. 



A low mound in which the dead were systematically buried, called 

 the cemetery, is situated near the southeast corner of the building, a 

 few feet from the east and south walls. As with the cemeteries of 

 all members of the Mummy Lake gi'oup, this mound had been 

 trenched and its contents removed many years before the writer began 

 work, evidences of broken mortuary vessels left by the worlanen being 

 abundant over the surface. A few skulls and larger bones were re- 

 moved from the cemetery south of the pueblo, but there remained 

 with the dead no whole pieces of pottery, so successfully had the 

 graves been rifled by my predecessors. The bodies found were flexed 

 or bent in a contracted position. 



MINOR ANTIQUITIES. 



As stated above, the two factors available for a Imowledge of 

 the history of a people ignorant of letters are buildings and smaller 

 movable antiquities, such as pottery and other objects. We have 

 already treated the former factor, and there remains to be considered 

 the latter, embraced in the term " minor antiquities." So far as 

 relics go, information drawn from these supports the conclusion 



1 It may be well to call the reader's attention to the fact that this article is intended to 

 deal only with cultural features upon which the pueblos have been differentiated from 

 other stocks of American Indians. 



