MECHANICAL COMPOSITION IN PRINTING—TURPAIN. gs 
able type which they afterwards distribute, often by mechanisms 
independent of those of composition. Most of these machines com- 
pose by the operation of a keyboard, freeing the type from the chan- 
nels of a magazine, but only a few of them justify the line. 
Lagerman machine——The Lagerman machine (fig. 1) is very simple 
in its arrangement and uses finger-stalls instead of a keyboard both in 
composing and distributing. The justification of the line is automatic. 
The machine separates the words equally by two 3-em spaces, making 
the line either the proper length or too long. If too long, the justify- 
ing mechanism then does its work by replacing a 3-em space by a 4-em 
space, thus reducing the line by one-twelfth of a quad between each 
word. This process is repeated till justification is completed. 
——S 
Nilan; 
Fic. 2.—Desjardins justifying machine. 
Desjardins machine——The Desjardins machine (fig. 2) is a justify- 
ing mechanism used in America in connection with composing ma- 
chines. The lines of the galley are successively raised by the machine, 
which counts the number of spaces by means of little copper strips 
projecting above the type which have been inserted for that purpose. 
Another part of the machine feels, so to speak, the space remaining 
at the end of the line, adds it to the total of the counted spaces, and 
divides the whole by this number of spaces. By the combination of 
three sizes of spaces (17, 24, and 31 thousandths of an inch), which it 
keeps in reserve, the machine forms and inserts between the words the 
space which it has thus automatically measured. If there be a re- 
mainder after the division, an ingenious arrangement of the machine 
reserves it, and adds it to the last space of the line. The working of 
the calculating mechanism takes less than a second. 
