MECHANICAL COMPOSITION IN PRINTING—TURPAIN. LG 
CASTING MACHINES. 
A second class of composing machines marks an interesting im- 
provement over the first in that the distribution of type is obviated. 
These are casting — 
machines. They 
thus answer the crit- 
icism made against 
their predecessors, 
the necessity of spe- 
cial type with par- 
ticular notches (the 
Lagerman notch, the 
Calendoli groove, 
for example), per- 
mitting the seizure 
of the type by the 
parts of the ma- 
chine. The casting 
machines should be 
separated into two 
distinct classes. 
OlstRieuteUY 
TT 
(A) MACHINES FOR y ‘ 
CASTING THE LINE. | fi SSS > ae ae 
In the first class 
we place the ma- 
chines that produce solid lines. The operator plays on the keyboard 
and composes the line in copper matrices. It is justified by copper 
wedges forced between the words. <A jet of molten lead flows into a 
mold the bottom of which is 
formed by the matrices, and a 
solid line of type is thus made. 
We find here the system of stereo- 
typing invented by Herhan in 1801 
applied to a single line of charac- 
ters. In the first class of casting 
machines is included the typo- 
graph (pl. 1) of Rogers, the, mon- 
oline (pl. 1), of Scudder, and 
finally the linotype of Mergenthaler, which is the oldest and in France 
one of the best known machines for forming a solid line (figs. 4-8). 
IT do not mean to say that no distributing function is employed 
in these casting machines, for the matrices must be returned to their 
Fic. 4.—Diagram showing operation of the linotype machine. 
Fig. 5.—Linotype matrices. 
