MECHANICAL COMPOSITION IN PRINTING—TURPAIN. 123 
levers of the manipulator in the Baudot telegraph. If to these com- 
binations the perforation 7 is added, the letter becomes a capital. If 
the perforation 6 is joined to one of the combinations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, 
a punctuation mark is obtained. Thus the perforations 3 and 4 cor- 
respond to the small letter 0; the perforations 3, 4, and 7 to the capi- 
tal B, and the same perforations 3 and 4 with 6 indicate the excla- 
mation mark (!). 
As the band is perforated, the calculating device registers the 
thickness of the characters as they will be finally cast, the thickness 
being measured in tenths of a millimeter. The spaces between the 
words are estimated by the calculator at the normal value of 15 tenths 
of a millimeter. These spaces are added up as the line is written. 
At the end of the line all the operator has to do is to press the justifi- 
cation key and the apparatus (1) calculates the difference between 
the total of the spaces and the desired length of the line, (2) divides 
this difference by the number of the spaces, and (3) inscribes on the 
band as a special perforation the resulting correction for each space. 
These corrections indi- 
cate either an addition 
to the normal spacing 
of 15 tenths of a milli- 
meter or a subtraction 
from that spacing. : 
Three successive per- De 
forations are produced Fre. 10.—Perforated band furnished by the composing 
by the single manipu- machine of the electrotypograph. 
lation of the justification key; the first two relating to the operation 
of justification and the third indicating the end of the line. 
The result of the calculation for justification, inscribed on the band, 
indicates how many tenths of a millimeter more or less are needed for 
each normal space, 15 tenths of a millimeter, to obtain the justified 
line. 
12345067 
DsDsDabadi 
When we pass from one font to another, from the roman to the 
italic for example, it is only necessary to substitute in the computing 
apparatus a special cylinder which is easily removed. No change is 
needed in the justification apparatus. 
Theory of justification The operator is warned by a bell when 
there remains only 5 millimeters of the line to be filled; he can, how- 
ever, go 5 millimeters beyond the prescribed length of the line. He 
therefore has a latitude of 10 millimeters and can terminate at the 
end of a word or a syllable. 
Let / be the length of the prescribed line, A the length of the line 
as made by the operator with the normal spaces of 15 tenths of a 
millimeter each, and n the number of spaces in the line 
