128 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907. 
tion mechanism in the casting machine, allowing the use of a single 
electro-magnet in place of eight; an increase in the width of the 
galley, permitting the production of lines 40 pica ems (180 mm.) in 
jength; an arrangement for the automatic feeding of the melting 
pot; an improved composing machine in which all the parts are easily 
accessible, and which furnishes a band on which each letter is printed 
below its corresponding perforation; and finally a change in the cast- 
ing machine permitting the casting to commence with the first letter 
written, thus making the combination of the two machines possible. 
The latest improvement is valuable in the composition of news- 
papers. A considerable loss of time is avoided, as it is no longer 
necessary to have all the lines of an article cast before putting it in 
page form. The casting machine only has to wait for the perfora- 
tion of a single line before engaging the band; then it deciphers the 
Justification perforations to regulate the spaces, and casts the line 
following the band letter by letter as fast as it 1s produced. 
Plate III represents the 1907 model of the electrotypograph. We 
see in “a” a portion of the band corresponding to a line, attached 
in the casting machine so as to allow the combination of the two 
machines. The composition may thus commence with the first per- 
forated letter. 
The electrotypograph has the following advantages over previous 
composing machines: 
1. The movable characters facilitate the corrections indicated by 
the reading of the copy sheet furnished by the composing machine. 
2. The matrices have a deep face, and thus give a clearer impres- 
sion. They are few in number, making it possible to replace them 
at small cost. Thorough tests have demonstrated that the machine 
composes in 5-point type with the same clearness as with the largest 
characters. , 
3. The division of the apparatus into two machines makes the 
learning of its operation easier, and permits a more general use of 
it, since even small printing offices can purchase the composing ma- 
chine at a slight cost and send the perforated bands to shops possess- 
ing casting machines. The perforated band thus takes the place 
of the stereotype plate, but is less cumbersome, entails no idle capital, 
and can be passed about one hundred times through the casting ma- 
chine. During the slack season and at other times when not in use, 
the casting machine may be employed to manufacture type. 
But there is still more to be said. An apparatus analogous to the 
Baudot telegraph called the teletypograph has been designed which 
makes possible the telegraphic transmission of the band perforated 
by the electrotypograph. A single band produced by the writing 
