402 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907. 
discovery of the Sutclifia type of structure renders it probable that 
dialystely arose within the family Medullosez, and tends to separate 
the latter further from the Lower Carboniferous Cladoxylex; in this 
curious group there is the same combination of dialystely with sec- 
ondary growth which we find in Medullosexw, but the arrangement 
of the steles, and the nature of the tracheides, not to mention other 
characters, are quite different, and it seems most probable that the 
two families represent parallel lines of development. The Clado- 
xyleze have been compared with Botryopteridez, especially Astero- 
chlena, and an affinity in this direction appears highly probable. 
There is nothing, as yet, to indicate the particular group of primitive 
Ferns from which the Medullosez themselves may have sprung, but 
on anatomical grounds it seems not unlikely that they and the 
Lyginodendree may have had a common origin from .simple pro- 
tostelic forms. 
OTHER PTERIDOSPERMEE. 
There are at least two cases in which seeds have been found in 
actual connection with Paleozoic Fern-like fronds, where we have 
as yet no clue to the internal structure. 
The first of these cases was described by Mr. David White in 1904, 
in a plant named by him Aneimites fertilis, from a Millstone Grit 
(Pottsville) horizon in West Virginia. The frond is a highly com- 
pound one, of the form familiar under the designation Adiantites, 
a generic name which has been discarded on technical grounds of 
nomenclature. The fructification is borne on the apices of branched, 
terminal extensions of the peripheral pinne, the cuneate pinnules 
being greatly reduced on the adjacent sterile portions of the frond. 
The small seeds are rhomboidal in form, lenticular in cross-section, 
and winged; it thus appears that they were of the platyspermic 
(bilaterally symmetrical) type. The author points out that the 
discovery of Pteridospermic characters in Aneimites throws serious 
suspicion on the sterile frond genus H’remopteris among others. My 
friends, Mr. Arber and Prof. F. W. Oliver, inform me that they have 
found strong evidence for the occurrence of seeds, comparable to 
those of Aneimites, in a species of Hremopteris. 
A few months later, M. Grand’Eury (in April, 1905) made his 
striking discovery of the seeds of Pecopteris Pluckeneti, from the 
Upper Coal Measures of St. Etienne. In twenty specimens he found 
the seeds attached by hundreds to the fronds; they may occur on the 
ordinary, unmodified foliage, but where they are numerous the lamina 
is somewhat reduced. The small oval seeds (named Carpolithes 
granulatus by Grand’Eury nearly thirty years earlier) are attached 
to the ends of the principal veins, and are provided with,a border or 
wing; their form is so similar to that of Samaropsis that they may 
